NOTE. From the foregoing one hundred radicals, we have more than five thousand English derivatives,—a consideration sufficient to in duce the student to commit them perfectly to memory. RULES. The follow .cg are a few Latin rules most likely to be used by the student: 1. The subject of the infinitive is put in the accusative. 2. The vocative is used in address, with or without O. 3. Opus and usus, signifying need, govern the ablative. 4. Dignus, contentus, præditus, govern the ablative. 5. Utor, fruor, fungor, potior, vescor, and dignor, govern the ablative. 6. Perfect participles, denoting origin, are followed by the ablative of the source, without a preposition. 7. A noun, denoting that with which the action of a verb is performed, is put in the ablative. 8. A noun, denoting that from which any thing is separated, is often put in the ablative, without a preposition. 9. A noun, expressing respect wherein or the part affected, is put in the ablative. 10. Verbs that govern two cases in the active voice, govern the latter of these in the passive. 11. The price of a thing is put in the ablative, except when expressed by the adjectives tanti, quanti, pluris. 12. The comparative degree is followed by the ablative, if quàm (than) is omitted. 13. A substantive with a participle, whose case depends on no other word, is put in the ablative absolute. 14. Adjectives of plenty or want govern the genitive or ablative. 15. Some adverbs govern the genitive. 16. Some derivative adverbs may govern the same case as their primitives. 17. Nouns signifying the same thing are put by appo sition in the same case. 18. The subj. present is often used for the imperative. 19. The infinitive is often used as a noun. 20. One ver governs another, as its object, in the infi nitive. 21. Participles, gerunds, and supines, govern the same cases as their verbs. 22. The genitive of gerunds follows nouns or adjectives. 23. After verbs expressing motion, the place where the motion ends, is put in the accusative, without a preposition. 24. The subject nominative governs the verb. 25. The verb agrees with its subject nominative in number and person. 26. Transitive verbs govern the accusative. 27. One noun may govern another noun in the genitive. 28. Adjectives and participles agree with their nouns in gender, number, and case. 29. Conjunctions connect words or sentences. 30. Twenty-six prepositions govern the accusative, the principal of which are, ad, ante, apud, circum, contra, infra, inter, intra, ob, per, post, præter, propter, supra, trans, ultra. 31. In and sub, denoting tendency, govern the accusative; denoting situation, govern the ablative. 32. Super and subter govern both the accusative and ablative. 33. Eleven prepositions govern the ablative, the principal of which are a, ab, coram, cum, de, e, or ex, pro, sine, temis. 34. Many verbs compounded of the prepositions, a, ab, de, ex, &c., are followed by an ablative, governed by the preposition. 35. Cause, manner, and instrument, are put in the ablative. 36. Adverbs qualify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. 37. The relative pronoun must have an antecedent, with which it must agree in gender and person. 38. The predicate noun is put in the same case as the subject, after a verb neuter or passive, when both words refer to the same person or thing. 39. Verbs compounded with the prepositions, ad, ante con, in, inter, ob, post, pre, sub, and super, govern the dative. 40. Sum, in the sense of habeo, is followed by the dative 41. Nouns are sometimes followed by the dative. 42. A transitive verb, governing the accusative, has a genitive, dative, or ablative, to express some relation. ANALYSIS OF VIRGIL'S ÆNEID. Etymology. N. G. D.A.V.A. (2 n. p.) a, orum, is, a, a, is. conjunction. 0. (ego) CAN-0(1) arma, (3 d.) o, ere, cecini, cantum. o, is, it, imus, itis, unt. (1 f.) a, æ, æ, am, a, â. (m.) i, cujus, cui, em, -, 0. (2 m.) vir, i, o, um, vir, PRIM-us qui, 28 ITALI-am, 23 fat. a for. by fate, FAT-0, 35 pro, fug, driven, qu. Italiam conjunction. and, Lavin. Lavinian, oris TROJ-a, 27 virum qu-i venit, 37 (1 f.) a, æ, æ, am, a, â. (2 n.) um, i, o, um, um, o. PROFUG-us qui, 28 (2 m.) us, i, o, um, e, o. LAVIN-a litora, (2 n.) um, i, o, um, um, o. qui VEN-it, (2) (3d and 4th.) io, ire, i, tum. (est) MULT-um jactatus, The figures placed after the words refer to the rule-those in pa rentheses () to page 142. |