OF THE INDECLINABLE PARTS OF SPEECH.

The following tables exhibit a view of the indeclinable parts of speech in the English, Latin and Greek languages.

OF THE ADVERB.

An ADVERB is a word joined to and used to modify a verb. The following is a table of the adverbs in the English, Latin and Greek:

The above table exhibits most of the primitive adverbs; their derivatives might be increased to a number of thousand.

DERIVATION AND FORMATION OF ADVERBS.

English Adverbs.

In English, most adverbs are derived from adjectives by appending ly: as, slow, slowly; day, daily; universal universally; quick, quickly, &c., &c.

Greek Adverbs.

In the Greek, adverbs are formed as follows:

1. Such words as are not, strictly speaking, adverbs but are so called from being sometimes used in an ad verbial sense.

2. The oblique cases of nouns and pronouns: as, oùć apov, never; from oud-aμòs, no one.

3. The accusative of neuter adjectives: as, pura, ra pura, first, &c.

4. Verbs are sometimes used as adverbs.
5. Adverbs are derived from prepositions.

The following is the method of forming
Latin Adverbs.

1. Adverbs derived from adjectives of the third declension, usually end in TER: as, feliciTER, happily, from felix, happy. Sometime in E: as, facile, easily, from facilis,

easy.

2. Adverbs derived from adjectives of the first and second declension, generally terminate in E: as, alte, highly, from altus. Sometimes they end in o, UM, or rER: as, tuto, safely, from tutus: tantum, so much, from tantus; dure, and duriTER, hardly, from durus.

3. Adjectives of the neuter gender are sometimes used as adverbs.

4. Adverbs are derived from nouns, and then generally end in IM or Itus.

5. Adverbs are derived from participles.

OF THE PREPOSITION.

The PREPOSITION is always found in either an adjective or adverbial phrase (by some denominated prepositional phrases); that is, it is so arranged as to show the relation between the phrase in which it occurs to the verb or noun in the preceding sentence, and this re lation is always either adjective or adverbial, and the phrase itself can in most cases be changed into an adjective or an adverb. In Greek, there are eighteen prepositions only; in Latin, forty-seven; and in English, there are fifty-six.

TABLE OF PREPOSITIONS.

Greek.

Latin.

English.

before, against, Obj. ante, adversus, Acc.

Gen. & Acc. through, by,

per,

κατὰ,

66

μετά,

66

ὑπέρ,

66

περί,

66

round about, of,

by, down, through, per,
with,after,between cum, post, inter.
over,above, beyond, super,

dupi,Gen. Dat.&Ac. round, round about circa, circum,

in, on, upon, under, in,

from, at, near,

apud,

by, upon, besides, præter,
under, by, with, infra,

prepositions are:

beyond, out of. Palam, with the knowledge

In the first column, the Latin prepositions govern the accusative; in the second, the ablative, except the last two, which govern the accusative, or ablative, and the two first, which govern the accusative.

OF CONJUNCTIONS.

The CONJUNCTION, as its name imports, is a word used to connect words and sentences as, ego ET tu, I AND thou. The conjunctions are represented in the following

and, also, but, ac, atque, que, et, quoque.

or, either,

although,

but,

at least,

aut, seu, sive, ve, vel.

quamquam,quamvis, etsi.
atqui, sed, at, autem.
(no corresponding word.)

but, truly, indeed,vero, verum.

yet,

for,

tamen, veruntamen.
enim, etenim, nam, nam-
ut, uti.

[que

that, so that,

quin, dummodo.

because,

quia, quippe, quòd.

cur.

then, truly,

therefore,

since, indeed, quando, vero, siquidam. since, after that, quoniam, quum, cum.

therefore,

wherefore,

ergo, proinde, quare, qua

tum, vero, deinde.

ergo, quare.

[mobrem.

sì, äv, ŝav, îv, xè, xèv, a`, aïxɛ, if, unless, si, sin, nisi.

not therefore,

cur, quare, quamobrem.
(no corresponding word.)

εἴπερι

if indeed,

siquidem.

INTERJECTIONS.

The INTERJECTION is an indeclinable word that holds no relation with any other word whatever, and is, of itself, actually a sentence: as, Adieu, I commend you to God; it being a contraction into a (to) and Dieu (God); good bye, God be with ye, God by ye, or good bye

ye.

Any word or phrase, used by way of exclamation, and in an unconnected manner. is an interjection. The old definition, "that the interjection was thrown in between the different parts of speech," is entirely erroneous, and ought to be corrected; as this word has no relation, and of course is not a part of speech, but is of itself a WHOLE speech.

RELATION OF PHRASES.

As we have now finished the definition of the Eight Parts of Speech, and spoken largely of the Relation, or dependence of one word on another, in consequence of which, words naturally fall into this eight-fold division, (i. e., the Eight Parts of Speech;) and shown conclusively that the noun must be referred to some other word before it can be in any case, and that all other words must have a correlative relation to the noun, before they can become parts of speech; it is now proper to speak of the relation or dependence of Sentences and Phrases. And here let it be distincly understood, that the members of a period are connected to each other by