1. A Conjunction;

2. A Preposition; and,

3. A Relative Pronoun.

A glance at the Table of Relations, page 10, will show that these words always have a double relation. Hence, without the use of one of these, no relation could take place between the phrases in a sentence.

1. OF THE RELATION OF PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES.

A preposition is a word used to point out the relation which the person, place, or thing following it has to some noun or verb going before, in a preceding section; as, Mr. Wright went to Albany. To, is a preposition, because it points out the relation which Albany has to went, as the place whither that motion tended, and where it terminated Mr. Wright went to Albany. Mr. Wright went there. New York is beyond Albany.

Beyond is a preposition, showing the relative position of New York to Albany to be such, that in going directly from Utica to the latter place, you must pass the former.

The goodness of God to mankind is very apparent, from the abundant provision which he has made for their subsistence in this world.

Here the prepositions, of, to, from, for, and in, show the following relations:

Or shows the relation which God has to goodness, viz: that of a being wherein this quality exists.

To signifies the relation which mankind have to the goodness of God, as the object on whom it is employed.

FROM intimates that relation which the provision of God has made for that happiness, to be that of a cause from whence that appearance arises in the mind.

FOR expresses the relation which "the subsistence of man" has to "the unbounded provisions of God," to be the end to which it was directed, or the final cause or motive with God for making that provision.

IN shows a local relation of goodness, provisions, and mankind to this world, as the place where they exist.

2. OF THE UNION OF SENTENCES BY THE CONJUNCTIONS.

A conjunction is a word used to connect the sentensic sections, clauses, or parts of a period, and to show the relation which they have to each other, as in this period. (Notice the punctuation.)

Julius Cæsar would not disband his army,

AND return a private person to Rome,

BECAUSE he was very sensible he should be called to an account for extravagant management, in the time of his consulship, in his province, which would have blasted his ambitious designs, of destroying the liberties of Rome, AND taking the government to himself.

The first and is a conjunction, uniting the two actions, expressed by the respective verbs disband and return, to a common nominative, Julius Cæsar, and shows that he, who was unwilling to perform the first of these actions, was equally unwilling to perform the last; and that the reason. was, that he did not will that either should be done.

Because is a conjunction, uniting the latter part of this period to the former, and shows the relation it has to it, viz: that of a cause, producing the effect mentioned in the former part of the period; for, what is affirmed in the latter part is by the conjunction, because, represented as being the cause, reason, or motive, which induced Cæsar, not to will the disbanding of his army, and his private return to Rome; while the last and, by connecting "destroying the liberty," and "taking the government," shows that he designed both."

God will not finally let the wicked go unpunished, though he bear with them so far in this life, as to let them fare sumptuously, and go down to the grave in peace; for man, in this world, is in a state of trial; therefore, it would not be consistent with that intention of an all-wise God to punish wickedness, constantly and visibly, in this life.

THOUGH Shows the subjoined clause to hold a constructive dependence on the former, so far as to signify nothing in the mind of the speaker without a regard thereto.

The con unction As unites its clause to that which goes before, and expresses its relation by determining the extent of what was indefinitely expressed in the foregoing clauses of the period.

AND connects go down in peace," with "fare sumptuously," and signifies that both of these actions are permitted by the Almighty for the reason expressed in the next section.

FOR shows that the section which it heads holds a constructive union with the two preceding sections, and shows the relation to be that of a cause or reason why he suffers them to fare sumptuously, and to die in peace.

THEREFORE shows that the part of the period which fol lows it, is construed with all that precedes it, as its cause, and implies that this world, being intended as a state of trial, renders it impracticable for him to punish vice consistently with that design, for that would not be to try them, but forcing them to be good, by destroying their power to be otherwise, since there can be no true virtue without liberty.

A relative pronoun may be used either in a sentensic or insentensic section, and shows that the section, in which it occurs sustains to the antecedent an adjective relation: thus,

Our Father who art in heaven. Here the two sections, "who art," and "in heaven," sustain to the word Father an adjective relation, being equivalent in sense to "our Heavenly Father." Who art in heaven, restricts the word Father, by excluding from the extension of that word all earthly fathers.

Primitive.

Secondary Sections.

GOD, (who, at sundry times, and in divers manners, spake, in times past, unto the fathers, by the prophets,)

HATH, in these latter days,

SPOKEN, unto us by his Son.

In this example, that part of the period included in pa renthesis has an adjective relation to God, and withal restricts the extension of that noun by excluding from it the other gods, of the Greeks, Romans, &c., and is equivalent

to the adjective Jewish. Thus, the Jewish God hath spoken, &c.

HE (that believes and is baptised,) SHALL BE SAVED. Here the part of the sentence commencing with that, and included in parenthesis, sustains to the word he, an adjective relation, by restricting its extension, and shows, that salvation is not predicted of the word HE in its broadest, but in a limited logical extension.

Hence, the only union which can take place between the sections in a period, is effected either by a conjunction, a relative pronoun, or a preposition.

OF THE SECTION.

A section of a sentence is a word, or an independent collection of words, "which can be parsed" without referring any word in that section, to a word in another section: as,

The midnight moon smiles serenely.

See the Sections as they are formed on the Plate.

ORDER.-1. Primary. 2. Secondary.

That section is of the primary order, which claims the first rank, and sustains the rest: as,

Heaven hides (a) the book, (b) (primary),

a from all creatures, (secondary).

b of fate, (secondary).

Those sections are of the secondary order, which are upheld by, and depend upon another section for sense: as, "from all creatures;" of fate;" "in the room." These secondary or branch sections can make no sense, until they are united to that word in the trunk, or primary, by which they are sustained; as, hides, from all creatures; book of fate, John is in the room.

COURSE.-1. Direct. 2. Circumflex.

The course of a section is direct, when the words stand in their natural prose order: as,

Law is a rule (of action.)

Law is a rule, a section of the primary order, direct

course.

Of action, a secondary section, direct course.

The course of a section is circumflex, when the sense flows back, which is owing to the words not being arranged in their prose order: as,

Whom3 yel ignorantly worship,2
Him3 declare2 I 1 unto you.

Whom ye ignorantly worship, a section, secondary order, circumflex course, because the sense commences at the word ye, proceeds forward to worship, then flows back to whom.

Him3 declare2 I1; a section, primary order, circumflex course. The direct course would be: I1 declare2 him.3 The words in these two sections are not only circumflex, but the sections are so likewise.

Circumflex. Whom ye ignorantly worship, Him declare I.

Direct. I declare him whom ye ignorantly worship. VERILY I say unto you, HE that entereth not by the door, into the sheep-fold, but that climbeth up some other way,

IS A THIEF.

Verily he is a thief. (Direct course, unbroken state.)

RELATION.-1. Adjective. 2. Adverbial.

The relation of a secondary, or insentensic section, is that dependence which it has, to some word in the primary, for sense.

A section has an adjective relation, when it restricts the extension of some noun, or pronoun, in the primary sec tion: as,

1. Jesus saw a man who was blind. 2 sections.

1. Jesus saw a blind man. 1 section.

2. Heaven hides the book (of fate.) 2 sections. 2. Heaven hides the fatal book.

1 section.