Cannibals and Kings: The Origins of Cultures, เล่มที่ 37Random House, 1977 - 239 หน้า This volume presents a systematic discussion about the reasons for a culture making a transition from egalitarian hunter-gatherer to hierarchically based states as population density increases. According to the author, humans shifted from a low-carbohydrate diet largely based on hunter-gatherer sources to a high-carbohydrate diet largely based on agricultural when intensive agriculture began. He maintains that this diet change resulted in more body fat, which for females led to earlier menarche and a smaller reduction in fertility from nursing infants, which then led to shorter periods between pregnancies. He discusses the development of pork as a taboo food in ancient Israelite society and also the cow as a sacred animal and taboo food in Hindu culture. He also examines the concept of the hydraulic empire, ancient civilizations such as China, Persia, and Egypt that were reliant on water for agriculture. |
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หน้า 71
... mumi and to achieve mumi status is every youth's highest ambition . A young man proves himself capable of becoming a mumi by working harder than every- one else and by carefully restricting his own consumption of meat and coconuts ...
... mumi and to achieve mumi status is every youth's highest ambition . A young man proves himself capable of becoming a mumi by working harder than every- one else and by carefully restricting his own consumption of meat and coconuts ...
หน้า 72
... mumi war leaders was still vivid among the Siuai . As one old man put it : " In the olden times there were greater mumi than there are today . Then they were fierce and relentless war leaders . They laid waste to the countryside and ...
... mumi war leaders was still vivid among the Siuai . As one old man put it : " In the olden times there were greater mumi than there are today . Then they were fierce and relentless war leaders . They laid waste to the countryside and ...
หน้า 73
... mumi war leaders even kept one or two prisoners who were treated like slaves and forced to work in the mumi's family gardens . And people could not talk " loud and slander- ously against their mumis without fear of punishment . " This ...
... mumi war leaders even kept one or two prisoners who were treated like slaves and forced to work in the mumi's family gardens . And people could not talk " loud and slander- ously against their mumis without fear of punishment . " This ...
เนื้อหา
4 | 23 |
I | 47 |
The Origin of Male Supremacy and of the Oedipus | 55 |
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agriculture ancient animal protein Aztec band and village became breadnut Bunyoro Butzer calories cannibalism cattle central century Chagnon China Chinese combat complex cost/benefits costs crops cultural death declining depletion despotism domesticated dynastic eating ecological efficiency empires enemy Europe evolution feast female infanticide feudal flesh forest grain human sacrifice hunter-collectors hunters hunting hydraulic increase India intensification Iroquois irrigation Israelites kill king labor land male supremacist matrilineal matrilocal Maya meat Mesoamerica Mesopotamia Mexico mode of production mumi natural Oedipus complex Old World Olmec paleolithic peasants percent Petén plants political polygyny population density population growth practice pre-state prisoners protein redistributive region religions reproductive pressures rise ritual River role sex ratio slash-and-burn slaughter species standard of living stone age subsistence taboo Tehuacán temples Teotihuacán theory Tikal tion Trobriand upper paleolithic Valley Valley of Mexico village societies warfare Wittfogel women Yanomamo zones