Nonequilibrium Nondissipative Thermodynamics: With Application to Low-Pressure Diamond SynthesisSpringer Science & Business Media, 17 àÁ.Â. 2013 - 258 ˹éÒ Albert Einstein (1879-1955) said, "The most beautiful thing we can experience is the mysterious. It is the source of all true art and science. " For the last 30 years or so, activated low pressure diamond synthesis has been regarded as "mysterious" or a "thermodynamic paradox" perhaps "violating the second law of thermodynamics". A new field of thermodynamics, nonequilibrium nondissipative thermodynamics - has recently arisen from the puzzle. For complex systems including nonspontaneous reaction(s), the basic clas sification of equilibrium thermodynamics and nonequilibrium thermodynam ics on the basis of the second law of thermodynamics has to be changed or overthrown. Maybe we should also cite another statement of Albert Ein stein: "A theory is more impressive the greater the simplicity of its premises is, the more different kinds of things it relates, and the more extended its area of applicability. Therefore the deep impression which classical thermo dynamics made upon me. It is the only physical theory of universal content concerning which I am convinced that, within the framework of the appli cability of its basic concepts, it will never be overthrown. " and it might be that classical thermodynamics would never be overthrown. However, thought Einstein said, "it will never be overthrown" only "within the framework of the application of its basic concepts". This means that outside "the frame work of the application of its basic concepts" some basic points of view from classical thermodynamics might be overthrown or changed. |
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Fundamentals of Modern Thermodynamics | 23 |
HighPressure Synthesis | 52 |
8 | 55 |
17 | 62 |
21 | 69 |
Activated LowPressure Diamond Growth | 73 |
5 | 89 |
Nonequilibrium Phase Diagrams | 119 |
Further Discussions on Some Debates | 173 |
of Nonequilibrium Stationary Phase Diagrams | 174 |
Other Applications and Summary | 213 |
237 | |
238 | |
250 | |
252 | |
Nonequilibrium Phase Diagrams of CHO | 153 |
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Nonequilibrium Nondissipative Thermodynamics: With Application to Low ... Ji-Tao Wang ªÁºÒ§Êèǹ¢Í§Ë¹Ñ§Ê×Í - 2002 |
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activated CVD diamond activated graphite activated low-pressure diamond Beijing C-H system C(gra calculated chemical potential chemical pump Chemical Vapor Deposition classical thermodynamics composition coupled reaction crystal embryo CVD diamond CVD process D.W. Zhang diamond crystals diamond films diamond growth region diamond phase diamond synthesis empirical phase diagram entropy production equilibrium phase diagrams equilibrium thermodynamics experimental data free energy change gas-solid phase line Gibbs free energy graphite phase graphite to diamond high-pressure hot filament irreversible processes kinetic kJ mol-1 law of thermodynamics low-pressure diamond growth metastable metastable phase methane modern thermodynamics negative entropy nondiamond carbon deposition nondissipative thermodynamics nonequilibrium nondissipation nonequilibrium phase diagrams nonequilibrium stationary nonequilibrium thermodynamics nucleation plasma possible diamond growth pyrolysis reaction coupling rium second law Setaka shown in Fig solid phase stable phase substrate temperature superequilibrium atomic hydrogen synthetic diamond temperature and pressure theoretical thermodynamic coupling thermodynamic data vapor phase Wang