Political Corruption: In Beyond the Nation StateRoutledge, 16 ¸.¤. 2003 - 264 ˹éÒ This book, combining scholarship with readability, shows that political corruption must itself be analysed politically. Spectacularly corrupt politicians - the exception rather than the rule - are usually symptoms, not causes, and much political corruption is simply normal politics taken to excess. But in a world in which anti-corruption strategies themselves are often thinly disguised examples of political corruption, the ways in which political systems address their own corruption are as varied and fascinating in character as crucial to comprehend. A valuable read for anyone studying social science disciplines such as politics, international relations, sociology, anthropology, criminology and public policy. As well as the global community of anti-corruption activists, professional politicians, police, business people and lawyers. |
¨Ò¡´éÒ¹ã¹Ë¹Ñ§Ê×Í
¼Å¡Òäé¹ËÒ 1 - 5 ¨Ò¡ 31
˹éÒ 2
... become advocates for powerful interests within their own electorates . Hence emerge both ' fixers ' , those descendants of old - fashioned party bosses who ensure that the vacuum created by weak parties is filled by strong interest ...
... become advocates for powerful interests within their own electorates . Hence emerge both ' fixers ' , those descendants of old - fashioned party bosses who ensure that the vacuum created by weak parties is filled by strong interest ...
˹éÒ 6
... becomes quantitatively unacceptable ( people become greedy ) , or qualitatively so , extending into areas deemed sacrosanct by significant opinion formers . Most politicians exploit public office for private gain when given legitimate ...
... becomes quantitatively unacceptable ( people become greedy ) , or qualitatively so , extending into areas deemed sacrosanct by significant opinion formers . Most politicians exploit public office for private gain when given legitimate ...
˹éÒ 7
... - pot dictatorships . Democratic governments may also , especially when long in power , become arrogant in attitude , blurring constitutional distinctions between party and government and Conceptual and definitional issues 7.
... - pot dictatorships . Democratic governments may also , especially when long in power , become arrogant in attitude , blurring constitutional distinctions between party and government and Conceptual and definitional issues 7.
˹éÒ 19
... become increasingly blurred . This is no less so when training overseas terrorist organizations becomes a legitimate or covert policy aim of states , as occurred with the USA in respect of the Contras in Nicaragua at the time of their ...
... become increasingly blurred . This is no less so when training overseas terrorist organizations becomes a legitimate or covert policy aim of states , as occurred with the USA in respect of the Contras in Nicaragua at the time of their ...
˹éÒ 20
... become not merely indistinguishable , not even interchangeable , but for all practical purposes identical . Political corruption as an interstitial activity Corruption and the response to it reveal the relative power of the executive ...
... become not merely indistinguishable , not even interchangeable , but for all practical purposes identical . Political corruption as an interstitial activity Corruption and the response to it reveal the relative power of the executive ...
à¹×éÍËÒ
the contribution | 33 |
the Peoples Republic | 65 |
the United Kingdom | 97 |
international | 134 |
organized crime | 165 |
Conclusion | 199 |
Bibliography | 220 |
©ºÑºÍ×è¹æ - ´Ù·Ñé§ËÁ´
¤ÓáÅÐÇÅÕ·Õ辺ºèÍÂ
achieved activities addition administrative areas associated attempts Bank became become benefits campaign cent central century changes chapter China civil Committee common companies concern conduct continued costs countries create criminal cultural developed drug economic effectively election enforcement example exist fact forces former funds further global groups Hence illegal increased increasingly independent individual influence instituted interests involved Italy lack laundering leaders least legitimate less levels liberalization loans Mafia major means ment military million nature networks Nonetheless normally offer officials operating opportunities organized crime particular party permitted political corruption politicians practice Press pressure problems reasons reform relations remains rent-seeking Report response result rules Second senior situation social society strong structures successful Third tion trade transnational United