Political Corruption: In Beyond the Nation StateRoutledge, 16 ¸.¤. 2003 - 264 ˹éÒ This book, combining scholarship with readability, shows that political corruption must itself be analysed politically. Spectacularly corrupt politicians - the exception rather than the rule - are usually symptoms, not causes, and much political corruption is simply normal politics taken to excess. But in a world in which anti-corruption strategies themselves are often thinly disguised examples of political corruption, the ways in which political systems address their own corruption are as varied and fascinating in character as crucial to comprehend. A valuable read for anyone studying social science disciplines such as politics, international relations, sociology, anthropology, criminology and public policy. As well as the global community of anti-corruption activists, professional politicians, police, business people and lawyers. |
¨Ò¡´éÒ¹ã¹Ë¹Ñ§Ê×Í
¼Å¡Òäé¹ËÒ 1 - 5 ¨Ò¡ 29
˹éÒ 2
... effectively become advocates for powerful interests within their own electorates . Hence emerge both ' fixers ' , those descendants of old - fashioned party bosses who ensure that the vacuum created by weak parties is filled by strong ...
... effectively become advocates for powerful interests within their own electorates . Hence emerge both ' fixers ' , those descendants of old - fashioned party bosses who ensure that the vacuum created by weak parties is filled by strong ...
˹éÒ 8
... effectively unaccountable legislature in Campania , Southern Italy , ' the mayor demanded that 323 items be voted on as one block ... most of these items concerned ratification of contracts awarded ... as a result of private negotiation ...
... effectively unaccountable legislature in Campania , Southern Italy , ' the mayor demanded that 323 items be voted on as one block ... most of these items concerned ratification of contracts awarded ... as a result of private negotiation ...
˹éÒ 14
... effectively as a bottomless personal current account . One result is repeated high - risk loans , including those uncollectable due to the theft of relevant documents or arson ; large sums withdrawn over the counter by senior bank ...
... effectively as a bottomless personal current account . One result is repeated high - risk loans , including those uncollectable due to the theft of relevant documents or arson ; large sums withdrawn over the counter by senior bank ...
˹éÒ 18
... effectively handed over to Camorra gangs by the new Prefect , Liborio Romano , as the most effective means of maintaining order against the threat of mass rebellion ( Behan 1996 : 17 ) . Similarly , after the Second World War public ...
... effectively handed over to Camorra gangs by the new Prefect , Liborio Romano , as the most effective means of maintaining order against the threat of mass rebellion ( Behan 1996 : 17 ) . Similarly , after the Second World War public ...
˹éÒ 23
¤Ø³¶Ö§¢Õ´¨Ó¡Ñ´¡ÒôÙ˹ѧÊ×ÍàÅèÁ¹ÕéáÅéÇ.
¤Ø³¶Ö§¢Õ´¨Ó¡Ñ´¡ÒôÙ˹ѧÊ×ÍàÅèÁ¹ÕéáÅéÇ.
à¹×éÍËÒ
the contribution | 33 |
the Peoples Republic | 65 |
the United Kingdom | 97 |
international | 134 |
organized crime | 165 |
Conclusion | 199 |
Bibliography | 220 |
©ºÑºÍ×è¹æ - ´Ù·Ñé§ËÁ´
¤ÓáÅÐÇÅÕ·Õ辺ºèÍÂ
achieved activities addition administrative areas associated attempts Bank became become benefits campaign cent central century changes chapter China civil Committee common companies concern conduct continued costs countries create criminal cultural developed drug economic effectively election enforcement example exist fact forces former funds further global groups Hence illegal increased increasingly independent individual influence instituted interests involved Italy lack laundering leaders least legitimate less levels liberalization loans Mafia major means ment military million nature networks Nonetheless normally offer officials operating opportunities organized crime particular party permitted political corruption politicians practice Press pressure problems reasons reform relations remains rent-seeking Report response result rules Second senior situation social society strong structures successful Third tion trade transnational United