An Introductory Study of EthicsLongmans, Green, 1903 - 383 หน้า |
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action activity adjustment æsthetic animal aspects assume attainment attitude basis becomes capacities categorical imperative clear clearly collectivism common complete conceive conception conduct conflict consciousness coöperation coördination culture of Greece demands Deontology desire determined distinction ditions duty endeavour enjoyment environment Ethical Theory evolution evolutionary existence expression extent external feeling germ plasm happiness hedonism hedonistic theory higher honour human nature ideal idealistic theory identity impulse individual interests intuitionism Kant Kant's Lamarckian Leslie Stephen material means mechanical ment merely method moral problem motive necessities object one's organic unity organisation organism personal identity pleasure possible practical present presupposes principle purpose question rational realisation reason recognise regard relations relatively represent result rule satisfaction self-consciousness self-interest self-realisation sense sensuous simply situation social society standpoint statement sympathy teleological tendency theory of conduct thought tion ultimately Utilitarianism vidual welfare whole
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หน้า 110 - Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure. It is for them alone to point out what we ought to do, as well as to determine what we shall do.
หน้า 37 - ... pleasure and freedom from pain are the only things desirable as ends; and that all desirable things (which are as numerous in the utilitarian as in any other scheme) are desirable either for the pleasure inherent in themselves, or as means to the promotion of pleasure and the prevention of pain.
หน้า 53 - It is quite compatible with the principle of utility to recognize the fact that some kinds of pleasure are more desirable and more valuable than others.
หน้า 53 - Few human creatures would consent to be changed into any of the lower animals for a promise of the fullest allowance of a beast's pleasures; no intelligent human being would consent to be a fool, no instructed person would be an ignoramus, no person of feeling and conscience would be selfish and base, even though they should be persuaded that the fool, the dunce, or the rascal is better satisfied with his lot than they are with theirs.
หน้า 52 - But there is no known Epicurean theory of life which does not assign to the pleasures of the intellect, of the feelings and imagination, and of the moral sentiments, a much higher value as pleasures than to those of mere sensation.
หน้า 179 - whether in thine own person or in that of any other, in every case as an end withal, never as a means only.
หน้า 151 - And from this account of obligation it follows, that we can be obliged to nothing, but what we ourselves are to gain or lose something by ; for nothing else can be a ' violent motive ' to us. As we should not be obliged to obey the laws, or the magistrate, unless rewards or punishments, pleasure or pain...
หน้า 53 - It is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied; better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied.
หน้า 126 - All the grand sources, in short, of human suffering are in a great degree, many of them almost entirely, conquerable by human care and effort...
หน้า 184 - Now there are in humanity capacities of greater perfection which belong to the end that nature has in view in regard to humanity in ourselves as the subject; to neglect these might perhaps be consistent with the maintenance of humanity as an end in itself, but not with the advancement of this end.