Insects and Disease

abdomen adult Aedes aegypti Africa amastigotes animals Anopheles antennae attacks nervous bancrofti become birds biting dipterans blood body brucei bugs cattle cause cells Central Culex Culicoides cycle develop disease dogs dorsal duct eggs epimastigotes equines erythrocytes evansi example faeces feed female fever Figure flagellates flagellum fleas Food canal forms galeae gametocytes genus Glossina haemocoel hatch head hindgut human hypopharynx ingested insects intermediate hosts kinetoplast labium larvae legs Leishmania lesions lice louse macrophages malaria males mammals mandibles maxillary palps membrane merozoites microfilariae midgut migrate morsitans mosquito moult mouthparts Musca domestica occur organisms pair palps parasites pathogenic penetration Phlebotomus Plasmodium posterior proboscis produce protozoan pupa pupate region rickettsiae salivary glands sandflies schizogony segments setae sheep Simulium skin South America species spiracular plates sporozoites stage Stomoxys stylets surface symptoms third-stage larva thorax tissues transmission transmitted tropical trypanosomes trypomastigotes tsetse flies vector vertebrate virus vivax wing venation worms