Affirmative Action and Equal Protection: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on the Constitution of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Ninety-seventh Congress, First Session, on S.J. Res. 41 ... May 4, June 11, 18, and July 16, 1981U.S. Government Printing Office, 1983 - 1414 ˹éÒ |
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... substantial number of Jewish physicians and lawyers . If blacks as a group , despite the social history of racism , also had a fair share of societal power and were participating fully in all aspects of American life today , there would ...
... substantial number of Jewish physicians and lawyers . If blacks as a group , despite the social history of racism , also had a fair share of societal power and were participating fully in all aspects of American life today , there would ...
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... substantial participation of blacks . There is the same societal interest in the equal participation of blacks in law and medicine . Lawyers do much more than practice law . They are responsible for the administration of justice and for ...
... substantial participation of blacks . There is the same societal interest in the equal participation of blacks in law and medicine . Lawyers do much more than practice law . They are responsible for the administration of justice and for ...
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... substantial number of black students , that this goal could be accomplished if the admission criteria were made more subjective and put less reliance on comparative academic indicator scores . Leaving aside the question of precisely how ...
... substantial number of black students , that this goal could be accomplished if the admission criteria were made more subjective and put less reliance on comparative academic indicator scores . Leaving aside the question of precisely how ...
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... substantial involvement of women in the governmental function will insure that the govern- ment will be aware of the problems of women and will have the benefit of the " women's perspective . " It will also help to bring about ...
... substantial involvement of women in the governmental function will insure that the govern- ment will be aware of the problems of women and will have the benefit of the " women's perspective . " It will also help to bring about ...
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... substantial governmental interest . " The use of race - conscious criteria directed 6. Since these groups have been subject to discrimination and victimization on this basis , for constitutional purposes , a legislative body should be ...
... substantial governmental interest . " The use of race - conscious criteria directed 6. Since these groups have been subject to discrimination and victimization on this basis , for constitutional purposes , a legislative body should be ...
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academic administration admissions affirmative action plans affirmative action programs agencies amendment American applicants back pay Bakke basis Civil Rights Act color Committee Congress constitutional contractors criteria decision denied Dinnan discriminatory dissenting economic EEOC effects efforts employer enforcement equal opportunity equal participation objective equal protection equal protection clause Executive Order Executive Order 11246 Fairfax County FEPC Fourteenth Amendment Fullilove hiring Hispanics income individual institutions issue Justice Powell Labor legislative ment Mexican Americans minorities and women minority groups national origin OFCCP past discrimination percent persons political practices preferential treatment problem Professor promotion qualified question quotas race race-conscious racial discrimination racial preference racism regulations remedy result reverse discrimination Sedler Senator HATCH social societal interest society Sowell statistical supra note Supreme Court Thomas Sowell tion Title VII tive action United United Steelworkers University WAYNE LAW REVIEW Weber white males workers
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˹éÒ 669 - ... so far inferior that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect; and that the negro might justly and lawfully be reduced to slavery for his benefit.
˹éÒ 84 - It shall be an unlawful employment practice for an employer (1) to fail or refuse to hire or to discharge any individual, or otherwise to discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such individual's race, color, religion, sex, or national origin...
˹éÒ 739 - ... or joint labor-management committee controlling apprenticeship or other training or retraining programs to admit or employ any individual in any such program, on the basis of his religion, sex, or national origin...
˹éÒ 461 - Congress did not intend by Title VII, however, to guarantee a job to every person regardless of qualifications. In short, the Act does not command that any person be hired simply because he was formerly the subject of discrimination, or because he is a member of a minority group. Discriminatory preference for any group, minority or majority, is precisely and only what Congress has proscribed.
˹éÒ 641 - It should be noted, to begin with, that all legal restrictions which curtail the civil rights of a single racial group are immediately suspect. That is not to say that all such restrictions are unconstitutional. It is to say that courts must subject them to the most rigid scrutiny.
˹éÒ 257 - In order to get beyond racism, we must first take account of race. There is no other way. And in order to treat some persons equally, we must treat them differently.
˹éÒ 499 - When the President takes measures incompatible with the expressed or implied will of Congress, his power is at its lowest ebb, for then he can rely only upon his own constitutional powers minus any constitutional powers of Congress over the matter.
˹éÒ 378 - ... compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such individual's race, color, religion, sex, or national origin; or (2) to limit, segregate, or classify his employees in any way which would deprive or tend to deprive any individual of employment opportunities or otherwise adversely affect his status as an employee, because of such individual's race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
˹éÒ 81 - Our Constitution is color-blind, and neither knows nor tolerates classes among citizens. In respect of civil rights, all citizens are equal before the law. The humblest is the peer of the most powerful. The law regards man as man, and takes no account of his surroundings or of his color when his civil rights as guaranteed by the supreme law of the land are involved.
˹éÒ 321 - ... in comparison with the total number or percentage of persons of such race, color, religion, sex, or national origin in any community, State, section, or other area, or in the available work force in any community, State, section, or other area.