dered by the revolution, who has not wisdom enough to retire, in due time, from public affairs, and to manage himself so as to secure a last asylum in the national esteem; a bishop, who, in his old age, has a comedy performed in his castle, being unable to play it in the theatre of the world; an ex-priest, who finishes his days under proscription; such a priest, in our mind, is not a statesman, but an invalid and a dignitary of the revolution."-(See TALLEYRAND.)

"In our opinion, a prince, a duke, a count, whom we have seen with (le bonnet rouge et le chapeau imperial) is not, at the present time, a royalist, nor a liberal, but a sprightly chamelion."

"We court not the patronage of royalists nor of liberals; nor the right side of the chamber of deputies nor the left; we observe men only, and we record their discourse and their actions. It is nothing to us if they are great lords of the republic, great lords of the empire, great lords of the king, or great lords of the bank and the exchange, prouder still than the great lords of the court; we record acts and facts, without concerning ourselves about fortune."

"We have seen those excellent liberals of our day, who have done us so much injury, in pretending to do us so much good, with their fine discourses; we have seen them hurrying, crowding, and creeping into the ante-chambers of Napoleon; we have observed these liberals, and many excellent royalists also, discover, and denounce to the imperial spies, those individuals who did not creep as fast as they, and who dared still to utter the words, laws, liberty, country. We have seen all this, and we will record it."

"When one can say with reason, and with impunity, that Louis XIV. was a despot; Louis XV. debauched; Louis XVI. weak from too much gentleness; it may be permitted to talk of Eugene Beauharnois, created duke of Leutchemberg, of General Bernadotte, created king of Sweden, of Lucien Bonaparté, created prince of Canino, &c., as history will record. We have a proper respect for the titles of Marshall, Duke, and Prince. We have the highest respect for the title of King, but this respect and consideration will not prevent us from recording the truth."

"We hold it as a maxim, that the government should be left to govern, but that every citizen has a right to examine the acts of the public functionaries, that industry, commerce, and the bank, ought to enrich the state, but not govern it; for we have no faith in the patriotism of men of money; nay, we even think that with all merchants and bankers, national, constitutional, and political questions are reduced to money."

"We hold it as a maxim, that we should honour virtue and talent, in whatever party they may be found; that it is not practicable to enslave and deceive the people, in the present enlightened state of Europe, and that nothing but good faith can now possibly govern with security for any length of time."

"The readers who would seek, in this new edition of La Galerie historique des contemporains favours, injuries, calumnies, will find

rows.

deeds and operations; not revolutionary philippics, nor sneaking apologies, we shall speak of crimes, and of virtues, and of faults and sorWe shall represent with impartiality, the great and good actions of men, whether they be royalists or republicans, during the last twenty years, a period of wars and prodigies; we shall not omit to mention any one who has defended his country."

Histoire du Jury. par M. AIGNAN. Membre de L'Institut. Paris.

No work of higher value to the student, to the philosopher, or to the lovers of freedom could be written than a history of juries, written with the learning and power equal to the dignity of the subject.

M. St. Aignan is a French literateur of ability and industry, and if he has not written the best possible book on the topic, he has had at least the honour of writing the best that has hitherto appeared.

In this work, which we recommend to all admirers of the constitutional regimen, the author has laboured to demonstrate that the admirable institution of juries is natural, and inherent to the social state of mankind. The Jewish, Greek, Roman, German, English, and French histories, have furnished the ingenious author with materials to present it under all its phases and metamorphoses.

The author shews us, by what changes and by what variety of denomination the jury has passed among the various people who have introduced it among them. After establishing the character and the special connection of the judicial system in various countries, he takes a rapid view of the tribunals of the ancients, and descending to the pleadings of the German courts of law, he describes the effects of the feudal power on judicature.

He then presents the jury as modelled in England, then follows it to America, and thinks he recognises it in France, in spite of the alterations and mutilations which it has there undergone.

The plan of this work is apt and simple, it is learned and precise.

M. Aignan is unlike many authors of the day;, he has not laboured to blaze for an instant, he has chosen a subject of actual interest, he addresses himself to the most intimate wants,

and to the noblest passions; he has sought to consolidate public liberty with public happiness, and in applying his faculties to this research he has laboured for the present age and for posterity.

Discours sur l'utilité de la langue arabe prononcé le 16me. Juin 1823, aux promotions du college de Geneve. par M. JEAN HUMBERT, professor d'Arabe. 8vo. Geneva.

Discourse on the utility of the Arabic language, pronounced on the 16th.

of June 1823, on the occasion of the promotions in the college of Geneva. By Mr. JOHN HUMBERT. Professor of Arabic. 8vo. M. HUMBERT had already taken a distinguished place among orientalists by the publication of his Anthologie Arabe, wherein he has collected and translated several pieces of poetry, selected, for the most part, from the thousand and one nights. Although the first of these works is not altogether faultless, it has given a favourable opinion of the talent and studies of its author, and we must praise him particularly for the efforts which he has made to represent in an European dialect, that luxury of representation and magnificence of expression, which are so conformable to the genius of the Arabs, but which are, at the same time, unsuitable to the literary taste of Europe. This struggle, laborious from the opposite characters of the languages, has not been always unsuccessful; and with the exception of some passages which have been misunderstood, we may say, that he has known how to conciliate fidelity with elegance; such success obtained at the beginning of his career, must be an honourable encouragement to further efforts. If the effect of his labours be, to realize at some future day, the promises of this propitious beginning, we may consider him from this moment, one of the hopes of the Arabic language.

The utility of this language is too sensibly felt by M. Humbert to make it necessary for us here to excite his enthusiasm. If his zeal should ever happen to abate, we should only have to refer him to the discourse which is the subject of this notice; it is there that he has united in a succinct but elegant enumeration all the benefits of Arabian literature. He represents it as a prolifick mine, from which history from time to time may draw intelligence; as well as geography, morality,

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poetry, criticism of the sacred writings, astronomy, medicine, and all the sciences. In a discourse so rapidly drawn up, it would not be difficult to point out some errors and some omis sions, but a discourse like this is little susceptible of an ana lysis, in lieu of which we will here present to the intelligent reader a quotation from it, which will enable him to form a judgment of the manner of the author.

"The Arabs during a period of fifty centuries have preserved without alteration, their usages, their manners, their customs; and during this protracted period, their language has also remained unvaried; free in the midst of despotic nations, the Bedoween has seen the monarchies of Egypt, of Syria, of Chaldea, pass like shades. The most formidable conquerors have driven their cars to the borders of the desert, but their names have scarcely reached him, he scarcely heard of the incursions of Alexander, or the fall of the Persian throne! At a later period, when the brilliant conquests of his compatriots appeared to call him from his burning sands and dried up wells, he is perceived always wise and steady, preferring his independence with poverty, to golden chains, and when in still later years the Egyptian expedition conducted a French army to the frontiers of Arabia, it found the inhabitants such as they have been depicted by ancient authors, greedy of plunder, vindictive, cruel, but at the same time, hospitable, generous, frugal, inured to privations of every kind, never betraying (l'aad) sworn faith, living with all the members of their tribe in brotherly concord. At this day, as in the day of Abraham, every father of a family renders justice to his kin; white hairs are venerated; deliberations are made by the aged, so that the Arabic work Sheikh, signifies both Lord and old man."

Précis de l'histoire generale de la Compagnie de Jesus, suivi de Monita Secreta. Par ARNOLD SCHEFFER. Paris. 1824.

THE Author of this book, alarmed at the great spread and even re-establishment of the Jesuits, has brought together the history of the origin and progress of this formidable society, down to its having been publicly denounced in 1773, together with a detail of its state since this time. To this the author adds a fragment entitled Pièces Justificatives, which relates only to some transactions of the parliament at Paris, at the time of the banishment of the Jesuits. The rest of the book consists of a translation of the Monita Secreta, which constitutes the moral and political code of the Jesuits. It is stated in this that monarchs and sovereigns must be made to understand that the

Catholic religion cannot be expected to maintain its ground without forming an alliance with politics; which must be effected with great secrecy, and by the members of the order becoming connected with the great, to become privy to their most secret councils. But that to keep up the favour of high personages, it would be important to have a regular correspondence of information with all countries. It further states, that it is considered important to the society, to excite and keep up divisions and jealousies among rulers; but that where a determination to be reconciled was evident, the reconciliation should be effected through a Jesuit. That it was further important to gain over as many of the clergy as possible, and that still more, to become masters of the church, the members of the society should aspire to become prelates and even popes. All which objects were to be pursued gradually and cautiously.

Beginselen der differential-integral. The Principles of the Differential and Integral calculus, and of Variations. La-Hay. 1823.

MR. De Gilder, the author of this work, is well known as an eminent mathematician: he treats his very curious and interesting subject in a peculiar manner; first treating of the principles of differences, and then of the differential calculus, demonstrating the connection between both. He elucidates his method by valuable examples.

Weltgeschichte in Zusamen hangender Erzählung. By FRED. SCHLOSSER. Universal History, in continued Narrations. Franckfort. 1824. Oct.

MR. SCHLOSSER does not confine himself, in this work, to the description of the characters of princes, but expatiates also on the state of society at large, in different nations. He is concise, without being obscure; his style is dignified, and deserves to be considered as the best German historical writer of the present time.