Borrowed Words: A History of Loanwords in EnglishOUP Oxford, 23 ม.ค. 2014 - 512 หน้า The rich variety of the English vocabulary reflects the vast number of words it has taken from other languages. These range from Latin, Greek, Scandinavian, Celtic, French, Italian, Spanish, and Russian to, among others, Hebrew, Maori, Malay, Chinese, Hindi, Japanese, andYiddish. Philip Durkin's full and accessible history reveals how, when, and why. He shows how to discover the origins of loanwords, when and why they were adopted, and what happens to them once they have been. The long documented history of English includes contact with languages in a variety of contexts, including: the dissemination of Christian culture in Latin in Anglo-Saxon England, and the interactions of French, Latin, Scandinavian, Celtic, and English during the Middle Ages; exposure to languages throughout the world during the colonial era; and the effects of using English as an international language of science. Philip Durkin describes these and other historical inputs, introducing the approaches each requires, from the comparative method for the earliest period to documentary and corpus research in the modern. The discussion is illustrated at every point with examples taken from a variety of different sources. The framework Dr Durkin develops can be used to explore lexical borrowing in any language. This outstanding book is for everyone interested in English etymology and in loanwords more generally. It will appeal to a wide general public and at the same time offers a valuable reference for scholars and students of the history of English. |
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ix | |
xvi | |
xxxviii | |
xlvi | |
Historical and cultural background to c 1150 | ii |
Very early borrowings into Germanic | ii |
Old English in contact with Celtic | ii |
OLD ENGLISH AND PROTOOLD ENGLISH | iii |
Identifying Scandinavian borrowings and assessing their | xxvi |
Conclusions to part IV | iv |
BORROWING FROM FRENCH AND LATIN | v |
Exploring the contact situation and identifying loans | ix |
Quantifying French and Latin contributions to Middle | xliii |
English | lxii |
Conclusions to part V | v |
Borrowing from Latin and French after 1500 | x |
An overview of Latin loanwords in Old English | iv |
Interrogating the data from chapter 6 | lvi |
sound change word geography loanwords | lxxxvii |
Conclusions to part III | iii |
SCANDINAVIAN INFLUENCE | iv |
Introduction to Scandinavian loanwords in English | vi |
test cases | xl |
Longterm effects of loanwords on the shape of the English | lxxiii |
General conclusions and pointers for further investigation | ciii |
References | cx |
General Index | cliii |
Word Index | clxxix |
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adjective Ancrene Wisse Anglo AngloFrench AngloSaxon attested borrowed words borrowing from French borrowing from Latin Britain Celtic languages chapter cognate compare Old Icelandic compare section context continental French cultural derivative Dictionary Dutch earlier early borrowing early Middle English Early Modern English early Scandinavian England English word etymologies etymon evidence examples fifteenth century formations fourteenth century French and Latin French and/or Latin French loanwords Greek highfrequency late later borrowings Latin word lexical borrowing lexis linguistic loan translation loanwords loanwords from French loanwords from Latin look medieval Middle English Middle English period native noun Old English Old High German origin Ormulum Oxford Peterborough Chronicle probably protoGermanic recorded reflected by OED3 Roman Scandinavian borrowing semantic borrowing sound change South African English speakers suffix ultimately varieties of English verb vocabulary of English vocabulary of modern vowel Vulgar Latin West Germanic languages word form