Digitizing Race: Visual Cultures of the InternetU of Minnesota Press, 20 ¸.¤. 2007 - 248 ˹éÒ In the nineties, neoliberalism simultaneously provided the context for the Internet’s rapid uptake in the United States and discouraged public conversations about racial politics. At the same time many scholars lauded the widespread use of text-driven interfaces as a solution to the problem of racial intolerance. Today’s online world is witnessing text-driven interfaces such as e-mail and instant messaging giving way to far more visually intensive and commercially driven media forms that not only reveal but showcase people’s racial, ethnic, and gender identity.
Lisa Nakamura, a leading scholar in the examination of race in digital media, uses case studies of popular yet rarely examined uses of the Internet such as pregnancy Web sites, instant messaging, and online petitions and quizzes to look at the emergence of race-, ethnic-, and gender-identified visual cultures.
While popular media such as Hollywood cinema continue to depict nonwhite nonmales as passive audiences or consumers of digital media rather than as producers, Nakamura argues the contrary—with examples ranging from Jennifer Lopez music videos; films including the Matrix trilogy, Gattaca, and Minority Report; and online joke sites—that users of color and women use the Internet to vigorously articulate their own types of virtual community, avatar bodies, and racial politics.
Lisa Nakamura is associate professor of speech communication and Asian American studies at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. She is the author of Cybertypes: Race, Ethnicity, and Identity on the Internet and coeditor, with Beth Kolko and Gilbert Rodman, of Race in Cyberspace. |
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... created in the virtual spaces of sign-exchange and phantasmatic projection.” Seeing the image as virtual and disembodied rather than material and concrete posed a radical challenge to art history as it had been practiced until 1996 ...
... create an “audio- visual culture” in which objects no longer have a material existence as tradi- tionally conceived: “The new media inspire visual studies through an implicit philosophical confrontation. Cinema and the electronic arts ...
... creating the first fully articulated theoretical work on the logic of digital media by linking the rigorous affinities between film form and history to the structure and function of computer software and its operations. However, while ...
... creating identity than art historians were to write about online bulletin board discussions or Internet chat sessions.14 Discourse analysis of chat tends to elide considerations of the visual field aside from instrumental ones about ...
... created unique communica- tive and institutional contexts. The purpose of this book is to turn the lens of visual ... creating a new form of digital play and ideological work that helped define an empowered and central self against an ...
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1 Ramadan Is Almoast Here The Visual Culture of AIM Buddies Race Gender and Nation on the Internet | 37 |
2 Alllooksame? Mediating Visual Cultures of Race on the Web | 70 |
3 The Social Optics of Race and Networked Interfaces in The Matrix Trilogy and Minority Report | 95 |
4 Avatars and the Visual Culture of Reproduction on the Web | 131 |
Users Identity and Cultural Difference in the United States | 171 |
The RacioVisual Logic of the Internet | 202 |
Notes | 211 |
Bibliography | 227 |
Publication History | 239 |
Index | 241 |