Digitizing Race: Visual Cultures of the InternetU of Minnesota Press, 20 ¸.¤. 2007 - 248 ˹éÒ In the nineties, neoliberalism simultaneously provided the context for the Internet’s rapid uptake in the United States and discouraged public conversations about racial politics. At the same time many scholars lauded the widespread use of text-driven interfaces as a solution to the problem of racial intolerance. Today’s online world is witnessing text-driven interfaces such as e-mail and instant messaging giving way to far more visually intensive and commercially driven media forms that not only reveal but showcase people’s racial, ethnic, and gender identity.
Lisa Nakamura, a leading scholar in the examination of race in digital media, uses case studies of popular yet rarely examined uses of the Internet such as pregnancy Web sites, instant messaging, and online petitions and quizzes to look at the emergence of race-, ethnic-, and gender-identified visual cultures.
While popular media such as Hollywood cinema continue to depict nonwhite nonmales as passive audiences or consumers of digital media rather than as producers, Nakamura argues the contrary—with examples ranging from Jennifer Lopez music videos; films including the Matrix trilogy, Gattaca, and Minority Report; and online joke sites—that users of color and women use the Internet to vigorously articulate their own types of virtual community, avatar bodies, and racial politics.
Lisa Nakamura is associate professor of speech communication and Asian American studies at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. She is the author of Cybertypes: Race, Ethnicity, and Identity on the Internet and coeditor, with Beth Kolko and Gilbert Rodman, of Race in Cyberspace. |
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... look to the post-2000 graphical popular Internet, this utopian story of the Internet's beginnings in popular culture can be told with a different spin, one that instead tracks its continuing discourse of color blindness in terms of ...
... look, aesthetics, or specifically visual culture.15 To sum up, studies of digital visual culture have yet to discuss networking, social spaces, or power relations in terms of race, ethnicity, and gender, but have done a superb job at ...
... look like or be formed, what or who is its object? For there must be one. Parks defines visual capitalism as “a system of social differentiation based on users'/viewers' relative access to technologies of global media.”24 This is ...
... look to an increasingly vital digital cultural margin or counterculture for resistance. AIM buddies, pregnant avatars, and other user-created avatars allow users to participate in racial formation in direct and personal ways and to ...
... look like? In Jennifer Lopez's music video “If You Had My Love” (1999) the singer portrays herself as the object, not the subject, of the volitional mobility afforded the Web user. Shots of Lopez tracked by surveillance cameras ...
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1 Ramadan Is Almoast Here The Visual Culture of AIM Buddies Race Gender and Nation on the Internet | 37 |
2 Alllooksame? Mediating Visual Cultures of Race on the Web | 70 |
3 The Social Optics of Race and Networked Interfaces in The Matrix Trilogy and Minority Report | 95 |
4 Avatars and the Visual Culture of Reproduction on the Web | 131 |
Users Identity and Cultural Difference in the United States | 171 |
The RacioVisual Logic of the Internet | 202 |
Notes | 211 |
Bibliography | 227 |
Publication History | 239 |
Index | 241 |