Digitizing Race: Visual Cultures of the InternetU of Minnesota Press, 20 ¸.¤. 2007 - 248 ˹éÒ In the nineties, neoliberalism simultaneously provided the context for the Internet’s rapid uptake in the United States and discouraged public conversations about racial politics. At the same time many scholars lauded the widespread use of text-driven interfaces as a solution to the problem of racial intolerance. Today’s online world is witnessing text-driven interfaces such as e-mail and instant messaging giving way to far more visually intensive and commercially driven media forms that not only reveal but showcase people’s racial, ethnic, and gender identity.
Lisa Nakamura, a leading scholar in the examination of race in digital media, uses case studies of popular yet rarely examined uses of the Internet such as pregnancy Web sites, instant messaging, and online petitions and quizzes to look at the emergence of race-, ethnic-, and gender-identified visual cultures.
While popular media such as Hollywood cinema continue to depict nonwhite nonmales as passive audiences or consumers of digital media rather than as producers, Nakamura argues the contrary—with examples ranging from Jennifer Lopez music videos; films including the Matrix trilogy, Gattaca, and Minority Report; and online joke sites—that users of color and women use the Internet to vigorously articulate their own types of virtual community, avatar bodies, and racial politics.
Lisa Nakamura is associate professor of speech communication and Asian American studies at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. She is the author of Cybertypes: Race, Ethnicity, and Identity on the Internet and coeditor, with Beth Kolko and Gilbert Rodman, of Race in Cyberspace. |
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... consumers of commodities as well as creators of economic value: as Lisa Lowe would put it, they were positioned as ... color blindness in terms of access, user experience, and content that is reflected in the scholarship as well as in ...
... users and producers, a serious and thor- oughgoing intervention into ... color blindness and nondiscrimination—a para- digm in which failure to ... users who unevenly visualize race and gender in online environments. It is crucial that ...
... users of color since the nineties has occasioned innumerable acts of techno- logical appropriation, a term Ron Eglash deploys to describe what happens when users with “low social power” modify existing technologies such as the Internet ...
... user, and others such as petition and dating Web sites that assume users of color. This book traces that ongoing history since the era of the text-only niche Internet, which was used by a much more exclusive and exclusionary group of users ...
... people of color and women create and in some sense redefine it. Women and people of color are both subjects and objects of interactivity; they participate in digital racial formation via acts of technological appro- priation, yet are ...
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1 Ramadan Is Almoast Here The Visual Culture of AIM Buddies Race Gender and Nation on the Internet | 37 |
2 Alllooksame? Mediating Visual Cultures of Race on the Web | 70 |
3 The Social Optics of Race and Networked Interfaces in The Matrix Trilogy and Minority Report | 95 |
4 Avatars and the Visual Culture of Reproduction on the Web | 131 |
Users Identity and Cultural Difference in the United States | 171 |
The RacioVisual Logic of the Internet | 202 |
Notes | 211 |
Bibliography | 227 |
Publication History | 239 |
Index | 241 |