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Such a situation, however, apart from its violation. of the spirit of democracy, serves only to perpetuate and to stereotype rather than to solve the problem. It would perpetuate it as slavery did or as peonage would do. To be sure it would secure a stable social order and might lessen race friction and bring about more coöperation and sympathy, but the stability would be that of the society of Hindustan or of Egypt, and the sympathy and coöperation would be that between the serf and his lord.

A third alternative is to accept the situation as it is, with all the complications arising from segregation and race antipathy, and to insist upon a stern, evenhanded justice based upon equality of consideration. This implies, of course, that each individual as well as each racial group be free to find a natural level in society. This implies also competition of the most vigorous and comprehensive nature, industrial, moral, cultural, and even ethnic. It means the elimination of the unfit and the preservation of the fit. Most important of all, it means in the end a healthy and permanent and progressive civilisation. This is the only effective method history has thus far revealed of testing and preserving that which is ultimately and supremely worth while.

One hesitates somewhat to close this study with a conclusion so far removed from the enthusiastic and

thoroughly well-meaning humanitarianism of half a century ago. At the same time it is evident that no other solution will successfully meet the demands of our militant American democracy. It may very well be that competition and social selection, stretching over long periods of time, will bring about that ethnic homogeneity which seems to be a prerequisite to social solidarity and an efficient democracy. It may also be an inevitable corollary of this process of social selection, as some writers contend, that "there are few that be saved." Certainly everything seems to indicate that the negro, as a member of the weaker and ethnically diverse group, is at present undergoing and must continue indefinitely to undergo some such stern process of social selection. Fate has decreed he must undergo this process within the predetermined limits of the white man's civilisation and yet to a certain extent outside of that civilisation. The result is that, apart from the sympathy and occasional helping hand of his white brother, he must indeed tread the wine-press alone.

INDEX

African Negro, the, and western civi- | Democracy, and race segregation,

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"Black belt," double standard of

conduct in, 14.

negro home in, 206, 208.

235 ff.

identified with equality rather than

freedom, 257.

DeTocqueville, 11, 18, 220, 257, 259.
Douglass, Fred, on the South and the

negro, 118.

Dred Scott, the, case, 221.

Education, problem of, for the negro,
99 ff.

sexual morality among negroes of, English, policy towards the negro in

188 ff.

"Black codes," the, and the four-

teenth amendment, 225.
original intent of, 94.

Boston, and the "colour line," 173.
Brown, Justice, quoted, 234, 255.

Caste, traces of, in the South, 264.
incompatible with democracy, 267.
Colour, as a badge of group differ-

ences, 133.

"Colour line," the, as a necessary
modus vivendi, 164, 165.

and social instability at the South,
168 ff.

Jamaica, 159 ff.

and the negro in South Africa, 163,
170 ff.

Equality, before the law, various
meanings of, 253, 268 ff.

and racial differences, 256 ff.
and race segregation, 233 ff., 250.
not the product of legislation,
266 ff.

of consideration, 269.

of opportunity and social injustice,
262.

Family, the negro, as influenced by
the white, 196 ff.

an inevitable outcome of the social Field, Justice, quoted, 227.

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Group traditions, lack of, and the | Miller, Justice, quoted, 227, 228.

negro criminal, 186.

lack of, creates pessimism, 194 ff.
negro's difficulty in absorbing
those of the white, 199 ff.

Missionaries, criticisms of, 83 ff.
Mississippi, disfranchising constitu-
tion of, 224, 240.

estranged relations of races in,
106 ff.

Home, the negro, in the "black belt," Mulatto, the, as a factor in race

212.

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friction, 152 ff.

Natural Rights, bankruptcy of
theory of, 245.

Natural Selection, and race dif-
ferences, 24.

Illegitimacy, among the negroes, Negro, alleged inferiority as a race,

59 ff.

Imitation, the part it plays in social

integration, 8, 96 ff.

kinds of, 98, 199.

of white's ideals by the negro,
198 ff.

Inefficiency, industrial, and the fate

of the negro, 119 ff.

Instincts, and social solidarity, 2.
"Intellectuals," the, and the social
heritage, 12.

the pessimism of, 194.

views on racial intermarriages,
151.

Jamaica, and the "colour line," 188.
marital relations among the negroes

of, 211.

sexual morality among the blacks
of, 188.

James vs. Bowman, case of, 239.
Jefferson, Thomas, quoted, 255.
Jews, persecution of, in middle ages,

125.

Language, as illustrating external
imitation, 100 ff.

and the social heritage, 79.

Marriage, influenced by group con-
sciousness, 144 ff.

and race antipathy, 141 ff.
disastrous results of, mixed, 149 ff.
mixed, attitude of negro leaders
towards, 151 ff.

McKenna, Justice, quoted, 241.

75.

brain-weight and mental capac-

ity, 30 ff.

children compared with white,

35 ff.

economic defeat in the North, 117.
esthetical nature, 55 ff.

exaggerated sense of self, 190.
excels in memory power, 52 f.
fewer variations from the average
than the white, 32 f.

gregariousness, 67, 90 ff., 209 ff.
imagery in his thinking, 53 ff.
imitative nature, 97 ff.

influence of habitat on, 25.

insanity, 36 ff.
instincts, 56 ff.

mobile temperament, 38 f.
pessimism, 194.

pliancy in contact with other
peoples, 197.

reasoning powers, 77.
religious life, 41, 43.

restricted vocational opportuni-
ties, 91.

sex impulse, 28 ff., 57 ff. YES,
suggestibility, 40 ff., 49.
suppression of, and its effects upon
the white, 107 ff.

Pace vs. Alabama, case of, 233.
Personality, effect upon, of occupa-
tion, 86 ff.

Philadelphia, and the "colour line,"

174.

Plessy vs. Ferguson, case of, 233.

Preacher, the negro, reflects ideals of Slavery, and sex morality, 61.

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Slavery, favoured intimate contact
with white, 104 f.

"Social copy," need of, within the
negro group, 110 f.

Social heritage, assimilation of, diffi-
cult for the negro, 86, 90 f.
and development of personality, 10.
as influenced by race traits, 8, 19.
its nature, 7.

Social integration, of the negro, 180.
problem of, for the negro, 115 ff.

Race consciousness, and rape, 138 ff. Social organisation, and progress,

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Reconstruction, acts changed by the Taney, Justice, dictum of, 222.

supreme court, 223 ff.

Russian serfs, and the negro, 95.

Temperament, racial differences in,
69.

Segregation, and the social heritage, Veddahs, of Ceylon, 67.

102 f.

and double moral standard, 184 f.
recognised by the supreme court,
233 ff., 255.

results in a white-man-democ-
racy, 252.

Sex morality, and group traditions,
187.

Simon-Binet tests, and the negro of

"black belt," 189.

"Skin-prejudice," 129, 132.

Washington, and the "colour line,"
175 ff.

White supremacy, and social self-
preservation, 15, 178 ff.
Whites, the poor, treatment of ne-
groes, 136.

negro dependent upon, for ideals,
195 f.

Wilcox, on the fate of the negro, 116.
Williams vs. Mississippi, case of, 240.

Slaughter House, cases, 226, 228, Woman, the negro, her place in the

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