Negro Music Since the Civil War-Negro Composers and

Vocal Artists-The Jubilee Singers-The Famous "Blind

Tom" and Other Instrumentalists-Ragtime and Jazz-

The African Dance and Its Modification in America-

Blending of the Dance with Religious Exercises

44 NEGRO DRAMA, PAINTING, AND SCULPTURE

Ira Oldridge and Charles Gilpin As Dramatists-Henry O.

Tanner, E. W. Scott, and Albert Smith As Painters-Ed-

monia Lewis and Meta Warrick As Sculptors

Representative, Newspapers and Magazines-Contrast be-

tween Northern and Southern Papers-Overemphasis of

Negro's Grievances by the Negro Press-Obligations of

Both the Negro and the White Press to Bring About Better

Race Relations

PAGE

345

349

351

Part Seven

PROPOSED SOLUTIONS OF THE NEGRO PROBLEM

46 THE NATURE OF THE PROBLEM.

Approach from the Standpoint of History, Biology, An-

thropology, and Psychology-The Author's Personal Ob-

servations of the Negro in the United States-Definition

of Race The Problem of Harmonizing the Interests of

Two Unlike Races in the Same Territory and under the

Same Government

47 AMALGAMATION: ARGUMENT OF EQUALITY

Argument That Races Are Equal-Standards for Measur-

ing the Superiority of One Race over Another in Physical

Appearance-Difference in Ideals of Aesthetic Values-

Question of the Mental Equality of Races-Humanitarians

and Men of Science Who Uphold the Doctrine of Race

Equality

48 AMALGAMATION: ARGUMENT OF INEQUALITY.

Authors Who Hold That Races Are Endowed with Un-

equal Capacities - Darwin - Romanes-Galton-Tylor-

Keane Marett-Gobineau-Taine-Huntington - Dixon

-Osborn-Angell-East-Grant-Wissler and Others

357

362

372

CHAPTER

49 WRITERS ON NEGRO INFERIORITY

Sir H. H. Johnston-Lombroso-Carlyle-Jefferson-Sha-

ler-Hart-Evans-Bryant and Others-Question of the

Superiority of the Mulatto

Relation of the Size of the Brain to Intelligence-Infer-

ences from the Smaller Brain of the Negro-Non-signifi-

cance of Size of the Brain in Determining the Mental

Capacity-Inferiority of the Negro As Shown by Psycho-

logical Tests Applied to Negroes and Whites-Lack of

Standard for Determining the Superiority of One Race

over Another-The Indisputable Fact of Race Difference

51 NEGRO-CAUCASIAN PHYSICAL CONTRASTS.

Anatomy and Physiology of the Negro-Resistance to Dis-

ease-Muscular Strength-Acuteness of the Senses-Wide

Difference among the Negroes Themselves

52 THE PSYChe of the Negro .

-

Cheerfulness Impulsiveness Vanity Improvidence

Frankness-Truthfulness-Sympathetic Response-Emo-

tionalism-Intolerance of Discipline-Restlessness-Irra-

tional Thinking-Reminiscent Imagination-Feeble Inhib-

iting Power, etcetera

53 BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AMALGAMATION.

The Function of Crossing among Plants and Animals-

Consequences of Crossing Near and Distantly Related

Types-Importance as a Factor in Crossings of the Quality

of the Characters Inherited-Biological Considerations

Weighing Against Amalgamation

54 PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AMALGAMATION

The Cause of Racial Affinities and Antipathies-Natural

Impulses Which Develop Consciousness of Kind-Con-

trol of Consciousness of Kind over the Social and Sexual

Relations between Animal Groups-Illicit Sex Relations

between Different Races-Operation of Psychological

Laws to Prevent Too Intimate Inbreeding and Too Dis-

tant Outbreeding

55 SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECTS

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389

397

401

410

417

Question of Importance of Amalgamation As a Factor in
the Evolution of Culture-Light on the Question from

CHAPTER

History Social Conditions Favorable to Cultural Ad-

vance

56 SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECTS (CONT.)

Dependence of the Value of Amalgamation upon the Cul-

ture Level of the Races Forming the Amalgam―The Effect

of Contact of Races on Different Levels and on the Same

Level of Culture-Beneficial Effects of Amalgamation of

Races on High Levels of Culture and on Nearly the Same

Levels

Decline of Lawful Marriage Shown by Statistics on In-

termarriage-Excess of Number of Marriages between

White Women and Negro Men over Number between Ne-

gro Women and White Men-Inferior Character of the

Whites and Blacks Who Intermarry-Marked Diminution

of Illicit Intercourse between the Races

58 OPPOSITION TO AMALGAMATION

Sentiment of the Whites and Negroes against Amalgama-

tion-Representative Opinions of Men of Both Races-

Unity of Spokesmen for the Negroes of the South Against

Amalgamation-The Futility of Advocating Amalgama-

tion As a Solution of the Race Problem

59 COLONIZATION AS A SOLUTION

Efforts to Colonize the Negro in Africa-Lincoln's Plan

of Colonizing the Negro in the West Indies-Archer's Idea

of Colonizing the Negro in Lower California-Views of

Henry M. Stanley and Others on Colonization-The Mar-

cus Garvey Scheme-Question of the Negro's Aptitude for

Colonization

60 RACE SEGREGATION AS A SOLUTION.

Natural Tendency of Races to Keep Apart-Negro Segre-

gation in America-Opposition of the Negroes to Enforced

Segregation-Advantages and Disadvantages of Segrega-

tion Views of James Bryce on the Subject

61 A FREE STATE IN THE BLACK BELT

Proposal to Create a Colored Free State out of the South-

ern Black Belt-Possibility That Immigration of Dark

Whites from Southern Europe or Mexico May Lead to a

Hybrid Race Similar to That of Tropical South America

PAGE

430

445

453

458

470

481

CHAPTER

-Supposition That the Political Power of This Hybrid

Race Would Be Intolerable to the Northern and Western

States, and Lead to the Erection of a Colored Free State

62 CIVIL EQUALITY AS A SOLUTION.

Practical Difficulties of Enforcing Civil Equality in a Na-

tion of Racial Diversity-Failure to Enforce Civil Equal-

ity in the South During the Reconstruction Period-Result

of Effort to Eliminate Color Discrimination in the Fran-

chise-Theory of John Stuart Mill That Only One Race

Can Govern in One Territory-Theory of Charles Francis

Adams That the Principle of Equality Applied to the

Negro and Caucasian Works Only Chaos

63 WHITE SUPREMACY AS A SOLUTION

Unwillingness of the Caucasian to Divide Responsibility

with Another Race in the Same Territory-The Cauca-

sian's Strong Sense of Consciousness of Kind and Strong

Sense of Property Rights-Theory of Carlyle That the

Right to Hold and Control Any Territory Belongs to the

Race Best Fitted to Use It-Superior Claims of the Cauca-

sian to Territory in America

64 EDUCATION AS THE SOLUTION

Argument That It Is Unjust to Place the Burden of Edu-

cating the Negro upon the South and That the National

Government Should Help-Views of Ex-President Taft,

Raymond Patterson, William H. H. Hart, and Others.

65 DIFFERENT NEGRO POINTS OF VIEW

Interest in Social Equality and in Political Measures among

Northern Negroes-Ideas of DuBois and Booker Wash-

ington Contrasted-Denunciation of Roosevelt and Hard-

ing by Northern Negroes for Their Remarks on the Race

Problem-Evidence That the Negroes Are Losing Ground

Because of Their Radical Leadership

Part Eight

THE FUTURE OF THE NEGRO

PAGE

486

493

498

502

Absence of a Solution of the Negro Problem in Social

Science-Relinquishment of the Problem to the Biological

525

CHAPTER

Principle of the Survival of the Fittest-Probability of the

Survival of the Negro from the Standpoint of History and

Vital Statistics

67 ECONOMIC CHANCES OF SURVIVAL.

Probability of the Survival of the Negro from the Stand-

point of His Economic Status-His Apparent Failure to

Advance Up to 1895-Gloomy Predictions for His Fu-

ture at That Time-Wonderful Strides After 1895 under

the Leadership of Booker Washington-Rise of a Pros-

perous Negro Middle Class-Problem of the Ability of the

Negro to Keep Pace with the Ever-Increasing Specializa-

tion and Intensification of Industry

Part Nine

PATHS OF HOPE

68 RACIAL COÖPERATION

Grounds for an Encouraging Outlook-Lines of Endeavor

Favoring Survival-Need of the Races for More Knowl-

edge of Each Other and More Friendly Coöperation—

Recent Efforts toward Inter-racial Understanding and Up-

lift-Work of the Y. M. C. A., University Professors, the

Commission on Inter-racial Coöperation and Other Organ-

izations-Part Played in Uplift by Southern White Women

69 RACIAL SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT

Necessity for Effective Coöperation of Inter-racial Under-

standing on the Social Question-Variations of the Color

Line under Different Conditions of Race Contact-The

Natural Tendency of Unlike Races to Live Apart-Con-

trast Between the Northern and Southern Negroes on the

Social Question-Tighter Drawing of the Color Line Re-

sulting from Agitation against It-Hope of Mutual Under-

standing on the Social Question and of Increasing Inter-

racial Coöperation

70 SUGGESTED SPHERES OF NEGRO ACTIVITY.

Propitiousness for the Survival of the Negro of Condi-

tions Which Minimize Competition with the Whites-Ad-

vantages of the Natural Tendency of the Negro to Keep

Apart-Need of Training More Negroes for Skilled Labor

and for Professional Careers-Need of Education Adapted

to the Negro's Cultural Status and Spheres of Activity

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547

566

577