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Negro Music Since the Civil War-Negro Composers and
Vocal Artists-The Jubilee Singers-The Famous "Blind
Tom" and Other Instrumentalists-Ragtime and Jazz-
The African Dance and Its Modification in America-
Blending of the Dance with Religious Exercises
44 NEGRO DRAMA, PAINTING, AND SCULPTURE
Ira Oldridge and Charles Gilpin As Dramatists-Henry O.
Tanner, E. W. Scott, and Albert Smith As Painters-Ed-
monia Lewis and Meta Warrick As Sculptors
Representative, Newspapers and Magazines-Contrast be-
tween Northern and Southern Papers-Overemphasis of
Negro's Grievances by the Negro Press-Obligations of
Both the Negro and the White Press to Bring About Better
Race Relations
PAGE
345
349
351
Part Seven
PROPOSED SOLUTIONS OF THE NEGRO PROBLEM
46 THE NATURE OF THE PROBLEM.
Approach from the Standpoint of History, Biology, An-
thropology, and Psychology-The Author's Personal Ob-
servations of the Negro in the United States-Definition
of Race The Problem of Harmonizing the Interests of
Two Unlike Races in the Same Territory and under the
Same Government
47 AMALGAMATION: ARGUMENT OF EQUALITY
Argument That Races Are Equal-Standards for Measur-
ing the Superiority of One Race over Another in Physical
Appearance-Difference in Ideals of Aesthetic Values-
Question of the Mental Equality of Races-Humanitarians
and Men of Science Who Uphold the Doctrine of Race
Equality
48 AMALGAMATION: ARGUMENT OF INEQUALITY.
Authors Who Hold That Races Are Endowed with Un-
equal Capacities - Darwin - Romanes-Galton-Tylor-
Keane Marett-Gobineau-Taine-Huntington - Dixon
-Osborn-Angell-East-Grant-Wissler and Others
357
362
372
CHAPTER
49 WRITERS ON NEGRO INFERIORITY
Sir H. H. Johnston-Lombroso-Carlyle-Jefferson-Sha-
ler-Hart-Evans-Bryant and Others-Question of the
Superiority of the Mulatto
Relation of the Size of the Brain to Intelligence-Infer-
ences from the Smaller Brain of the Negro-Non-signifi-
cance of Size of the Brain in Determining the Mental
Capacity-Inferiority of the Negro As Shown by Psycho-
logical Tests Applied to Negroes and Whites-Lack of
Standard for Determining the Superiority of One Race
over Another-The Indisputable Fact of Race Difference
51 NEGRO-CAUCASIAN PHYSICAL CONTRASTS.
Anatomy and Physiology of the Negro-Resistance to Dis-
ease-Muscular Strength-Acuteness of the Senses-Wide
Difference among the Negroes Themselves
52 THE PSYChe of the Negro .
-
Cheerfulness Impulsiveness Vanity Improvidence
Frankness-Truthfulness-Sympathetic Response-Emo-
tionalism-Intolerance of Discipline-Restlessness-Irra-
tional Thinking-Reminiscent Imagination-Feeble Inhib-
iting Power, etcetera
53 BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AMALGAMATION.
The Function of Crossing among Plants and Animals-
Consequences of Crossing Near and Distantly Related
Types-Importance as a Factor in Crossings of the Quality
of the Characters Inherited-Biological Considerations
Weighing Against Amalgamation
54 PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AMALGAMATION
The Cause of Racial Affinities and Antipathies-Natural
Impulses Which Develop Consciousness of Kind-Con-
trol of Consciousness of Kind over the Social and Sexual
Relations between Animal Groups-Illicit Sex Relations
between Different Races-Operation of Psychological
Laws to Prevent Too Intimate Inbreeding and Too Dis-
tant Outbreeding
55 SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECTS
381
389
397
401
410
417
Question of Importance of Amalgamation As a Factor in the Evolution of Culture-Light on the Question from
History Social Conditions Favorable to Cultural Ad-
vance
56 SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECTS (CONT.)
Dependence of the Value of Amalgamation upon the Cul-
ture Level of the Races Forming the Amalgam―The Effect
of Contact of Races on Different Levels and on the Same
Level of Culture-Beneficial Effects of Amalgamation of
Races on High Levels of Culture and on Nearly the Same
Levels
Decline of Lawful Marriage Shown by Statistics on In-
termarriage-Excess of Number of Marriages between
White Women and Negro Men over Number between Ne-
gro Women and White Men-Inferior Character of the
Whites and Blacks Who Intermarry-Marked Diminution
of Illicit Intercourse between the Races
58 OPPOSITION TO AMALGAMATION
Sentiment of the Whites and Negroes against Amalgama-
tion-Representative Opinions of Men of Both Races-
Unity of Spokesmen for the Negroes of the South Against
Amalgamation-The Futility of Advocating Amalgama-
tion As a Solution of the Race Problem
59 COLONIZATION AS A SOLUTION
Efforts to Colonize the Negro in Africa-Lincoln's Plan
of Colonizing the Negro in the West Indies-Archer's Idea
of Colonizing the Negro in Lower California-Views of
Henry M. Stanley and Others on Colonization-The Mar-
cus Garvey Scheme-Question of the Negro's Aptitude for
Colonization
60 RACE SEGREGATION AS A SOLUTION.
Natural Tendency of Races to Keep Apart-Negro Segre-
gation in America-Opposition of the Negroes to Enforced
Segregation-Advantages and Disadvantages of Segrega-
tion Views of James Bryce on the Subject
61 A FREE STATE IN THE BLACK BELT
Proposal to Create a Colored Free State out of the South-
ern Black Belt-Possibility That Immigration of Dark
Whites from Southern Europe or Mexico May Lead to a
Hybrid Race Similar to That of Tropical South America
430
445
453
458
470
481
-Supposition That the Political Power of This Hybrid
Race Would Be Intolerable to the Northern and Western
States, and Lead to the Erection of a Colored Free State
62 CIVIL EQUALITY AS A SOLUTION.
Practical Difficulties of Enforcing Civil Equality in a Na-
tion of Racial Diversity-Failure to Enforce Civil Equal-
ity in the South During the Reconstruction Period-Result
of Effort to Eliminate Color Discrimination in the Fran-
chise-Theory of John Stuart Mill That Only One Race
Can Govern in One Territory-Theory of Charles Francis
Adams That the Principle of Equality Applied to the
Negro and Caucasian Works Only Chaos
63 WHITE SUPREMACY AS A SOLUTION
Unwillingness of the Caucasian to Divide Responsibility
with Another Race in the Same Territory-The Cauca-
sian's Strong Sense of Consciousness of Kind and Strong
Sense of Property Rights-Theory of Carlyle That the
Right to Hold and Control Any Territory Belongs to the
Race Best Fitted to Use It-Superior Claims of the Cauca-
sian to Territory in America
64 EDUCATION AS THE SOLUTION
Argument That It Is Unjust to Place the Burden of Edu-
cating the Negro upon the South and That the National
Government Should Help-Views of Ex-President Taft,
Raymond Patterson, William H. H. Hart, and Others.
65 DIFFERENT NEGRO POINTS OF VIEW
Interest in Social Equality and in Political Measures among
Northern Negroes-Ideas of DuBois and Booker Wash-
ington Contrasted-Denunciation of Roosevelt and Hard-
ing by Northern Negroes for Their Remarks on the Race
Problem-Evidence That the Negroes Are Losing Ground
Because of Their Radical Leadership
Part Eight
THE FUTURE OF THE NEGRO
486
493
498
502
Absence of a Solution of the Negro Problem in Social
Science-Relinquishment of the Problem to the Biological
525
Principle of the Survival of the Fittest-Probability of the
Survival of the Negro from the Standpoint of History and
Vital Statistics
67 ECONOMIC CHANCES OF SURVIVAL.
Probability of the Survival of the Negro from the Stand-
point of His Economic Status-His Apparent Failure to
Advance Up to 1895-Gloomy Predictions for His Fu-
ture at That Time-Wonderful Strides After 1895 under
the Leadership of Booker Washington-Rise of a Pros-
perous Negro Middle Class-Problem of the Ability of the
Negro to Keep Pace with the Ever-Increasing Specializa-
tion and Intensification of Industry
Part Nine
PATHS OF HOPE
68 RACIAL COÖPERATION
Grounds for an Encouraging Outlook-Lines of Endeavor
Favoring Survival-Need of the Races for More Knowl-
edge of Each Other and More Friendly Coöperation—
Recent Efforts toward Inter-racial Understanding and Up-
lift-Work of the Y. M. C. A., University Professors, the
Commission on Inter-racial Coöperation and Other Organ-
izations-Part Played in Uplift by Southern White Women
69 RACIAL SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT
Necessity for Effective Coöperation of Inter-racial Under-
standing on the Social Question-Variations of the Color
Line under Different Conditions of Race Contact-The
Natural Tendency of Unlike Races to Live Apart-Con-
trast Between the Northern and Southern Negroes on the
Social Question-Tighter Drawing of the Color Line Re-
sulting from Agitation against It-Hope of Mutual Under-
standing on the Social Question and of Increasing Inter-
racial Coöperation
70 SUGGESTED SPHERES OF NEGRO ACTIVITY.
Propitiousness for the Survival of the Negro of Condi-
tions Which Minimize Competition with the Whites-Ad-
vantages of the Natural Tendency of the Negro to Keep
Apart-Need of Training More Negroes for Skilled Labor
and for Professional Careers-Need of Education Adapted
to the Negro's Cultural Status and Spheres of Activity
532
547
566
577