Total Utility and the Economic Judgment Compared with Their Ethical CounterpartsJ. C. Winston Company, 1909 - 104 หน้า |
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action Adam Smith analysis Austrian School Bentham Bryn Mawr College calculated commodities conduct consciousness criterion demand Deontology desire determined economic judgment economic phenomena economic theory Empiric Scale English ethics ethical and economic ethical judgment ethical theory expression external F. H. Bradley fact faculties formulation functional greatest happiness principle greatest number hedonic hedonistic Hobbes human nature human wants Hume Hume's idea ideal idealistic increment individual industrial intellectual intense J. S. Mill James Mill Jevons John Stuart Mill Leslie Stephen Leviathan limited supply logical Macmillan mankind marginal concept Marginal Utility mathematics method modern ethical moral judgments Moral Sense Morals and Legislation motive nomic objective Paley person philosophical pleasure and pain pleasure-pain Political Economy position Principles of Morals realise reform regarded Ricardo satisfaction scale of wants social standard subjective factor subjective scale sum of pleasure theory of morals Theory of Value tion Total Utility utilitarian theory
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หน้า 17 - ... industry, because the fruit thereof is uncertain, and consequently no culture of the earth, no navigation nor use of the commodities that may be imported by sea, no commodious building, no instruments of moving and removing such things as require much force, no knowledge of the face of the earth; no account of time, no arts, no letters, no society, and, which is worst of all, continual fear and danger of violent death, and the life of man solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.
หน้า 36 - By the principle of utility is meant that principle which approves or disapproves of every action whatsoever, according to the tendency which it appears to have to augment or diminish the happiness of the party whose interest is in question: or, what is the same thing in other words, to promote or to oppose that happiness.
หน้า 57 - That principle is that the sole end for which mankind are warranted, individually or collectively, in interfering with the liberty of action of any of their number is self-protection.
หน้า 17 - In such condition there is no place for industry, because the fruit thereof is uncertain, and consequently no culture of the earth ; no navigation, nor use of the commodities that may be imported by sea; no commodious building ; no instruments of moving and removing such things as require much force ; no knowledge of the face of the earth ; no account of time ; no arts ; no letters ; no society...
หน้า 53 - The internal sanction of duty, whatever our standard of duty may be, is one and the same — a feeling in our own mind ; a pain, more or less intense, attendant on violation of duty, which in properly cultivated moral natures rises, in the more serious cases, into shrinking from it as an impossibility.
หน้า 27 - If he had wished our misery, he might have made sure of his purpose, by forming our senses to be so many sores and pains to us, as they are now instruments of gratification and enjoyment ; or by placing us amidst objects so ill suited to our perceptions, as to have continually offended us, instead of ministering to our refreshment and delight.
หน้า 52 - It is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied; better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied.
หน้า 16 - The original of them all, is that which we call SENSE, for there is no conception in a man's mind, which hath not at first, totally or by parts, been begotten upon the organs of sense.
หน้า 51 - The creed which accepts as the foundation ! of morals, Utility, or the Greatest Happiness Principle, holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness.
หน้า 63 - If among a nation of hunters, for example, it usually costs twice the labour to kill a beaver which it does to kill a deer, one beaver should naturally exchange for or be worth two deer. It is natural that what is usually the produce of two days or two hours labour, should be worth double of what is usually the produce of one day's or one hour's labour.