The Indonesian Parliament and DemocratizationInstitute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2008 - 238 ˹éÒ Democratization in Indonesia has altered the political decision-making processes in many ways. It has also brought about tremendous change to the role of the Indonesian parliament in the country's political system. Once characterized as a powerless rubber stamp, the parliament has developed into a comprehensive and more representative body able to fulfil its functions more adequately. In the literature on democratic transition, the impact of parliaments on regime changes and on the democratic reorganization of the most important state institutions and regulations is usually neglected. In the Indonesian case, however, the national parliament was one of the most decisive actors and is therefore the focus of this book. The author analyses the parliament's contribution towards the process of democratization. Thus, this book contributes not only to research on the Indonesian democratization process, but also to the comparative research on parliaments in transition processes in general. |
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... candidates to the DPR in the Orde Baru LPU Lembaga Pemilihan Umum Election Commission in the Orde Baru Lt. Gen. Lieutenant General MP Member of Parliament MPR Majelis Permusyawarah Rakyat People's Consultative Assembly Munaslub ...
... candidates to the DPR in the Orde Baru LPU Lembaga Pemilihan Umum Election Commission in the Orde Baru Lt. Gen. Lieutenant General MP Member of Parliament MPR Majelis Permusyawarah Rakyat People's Consultative Assembly Munaslub ...
˹éÒ 1
... candidate was proposed and Suharto was unanimously approved. Nobody dared to criticize the long-time autocrat and instead, praise was heaped on the “beloved leader”. The cheering crowd of people's representatives at the MPR session in ...
... candidate was proposed and Suharto was unanimously approved. Nobody dared to criticize the long-time autocrat and instead, praise was heaped on the “beloved leader”. The cheering crowd of people's representatives at the MPR session in ...
˹éÒ 33
... candidates, is applied. Thus, political parties are of central importance in a parliamentary government system. Political parties, which have the potential of aggregating millions of voters' opinions, can integrate these political ...
... candidates, is applied. Thus, political parties are of central importance in a parliamentary government system. Political parties, which have the potential of aggregating millions of voters' opinions, can integrate these political ...
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... candidate for the constituency. In theory, a national parliament, as the people's representation, should be a mirror of the population of the country. Therefore, an equal gender representation should be targeted as a goal just as. 36 36 ...
... candidate for the constituency. In theory, a national parliament, as the people's representation, should be a mirror of the population of the country. Therefore, an equal gender representation should be targeted as a goal just as. 36 36 ...
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... candidates prefer to run for a party to increase their chances to be elected, but are much more independent from their respective parties. Party discipline is also a point to consider. If legislators. 37 Parliaments and Democratization 37.
... candidates prefer to run for a party to increase their chances to be elected, but are much more independent from their respective parties. Party discipline is also a point to consider. If legislators. 37 Parliaments and Democratization 37.
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˹éÒ 19 - Perhaps the most common generalization linking political systems to other aspects of society has been that democracy is related to the state of economic development. The more well-to-do a nation, the greater the chances that it will sustain democracy.
˹éÒ 21 - ... 1. Freedom to form and join organizations 2. Freedom of expression 3. Right to vote 4. Eligibility for public office 5. Right of political leaders to compete for support 5a.
˹éÒ 25 - Civil society" can be defined as: the realm of organized social life that is voluntary, self-generating, (largely) self-supporting, autonomous from the state, and bound by a legal order or set of shared rules.
˹éÒ 25 - society" in general in that it involves citizens acting collectively in a public sphere to express their interests, passions, and ideas, exchange information, achieve mutual goals, make demands on the state, and hold state officials accountable.
˹éÒ 85 - In transformations those in power in the authoritarian regime take the lead and play the decisive role in ending that regime and changing it into a democratic system.
˹éÒ 138 - Democracies become consolidated when people learn that democracy is a solution to the problem of tyranny, but not necessarily to anything else.
˹éÒ 223 - MPR/1998 tentang Penyelenggaraan Otonomi Daerah, Pengaturan, Pembagian dan Pemanfaatan Sumber Daya Nasional yang Berkeadilan, serta Perimbangan Keuangan Pusat dan Daerah Dalam Kerangka Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia.
˹éÒ 64 - There is semiopposition by groups that are not dominant or represented in the governing group and that engage in partial criticism but are willing to participate in power without fundamentally challenging the regime.
˹éÒ 25 - A regime does not collapse unless and until some alternative is organized in such a way as to present a real choice for isolated individuals.