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" ... 1. Freedom to form and join organizations 2. Freedom of expression 3. Right to vote 4. Eligibility for public office 5. Right of political leaders to compete for support 5a. "
The Indonesian Parliament and Democratization - ˹éÒ 21
â´Â Patrick Ziegenhain - 2008 - 238 ˹éÒ
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Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition

Robert A. Dahl - 2008 - 272 ˹éÒ
...political leaders to compete for votes 6. Alternative sources of information 7. Free and fair elections 8. Institutions for making government policies depend on votes and other expressions of preference Now from examination of the list of eight institutional guarantees, it appears that they might provide...
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The Nation-State and Violence: Volume 2 of A Contemporary Critique of ...

Anthony Giddens - 1981 - 412 ˹éÒ
...Alternative sources of information 8 Elections to decide who is to hold top authority 9 Organizations for making government policies depend on votes and other expressions of preference. The modes in which these are given concrete form obviously may vary very considerably and phrases such...
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On Measuring Democracy: Its Consequences and Concomitants

Alex Inkeles - 1991 - 234 ˹éÒ
...for support and votes, (6) alternative sources of information, (7) free and fair elections, and (8) institutions for making government policies depend on votes and other expressions of preference. Table 1 classifies Dahl's eight "requirements for a democracy" under either the political rights or...
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The State and the Mass Media in Japan, 1918-1945

Gregory J. Kasza - 2023 - 360 ˹éÒ
...include freedom of expression, access to alternative sources of information, free and fair elections, and institutions for making government policies depend...on votes and other expressions of preference; these requirements could not be met in the absence of autonomous media organs.43 The close logical association...
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The Idea of Civil Society

Adam B. Seligman - 1995 - 258 ˹éÒ
...alternative sources of information (what we would call a free press), (7) free and fair elections, and (8) institutions for making government policies depend on votes and other expressions of preference.1 This list, taken from Robert Dahl's Polyarchy, published in 1971 and used by many social...
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Strong Parties and Lame Ducks: Presidential Partyarchy and Factionalism in ...

Michael Coppedge - 1994 - 266 ˹éÒ
...polyarchy: universal suffrage, freedom of expression, and the formal institutions, such as legislatures, "for making government policies depend on votes and other expressions of preference." But because all the conditions are interconnected, the parties' interference with one condition distorts...
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Developments in Russian Politics 5, àÅèÁ·Õè 5

Stephen White, Alex Pravda, Zvi Y. Gitelman - 2001 - 356 ˹éÒ
...right to compete for support/votes; alternative sources of information; free and fair elections; and institutions for making government policies depend on votes and other expressions of preference (Dahl, 1971). Both definitions encompass the sources of authority for government, the purposes served...
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Arguing Comparative Politics

Alfred C. Stepan - 2001 - 388 ˹éÒ
...for support and votes; (6) alternative sources of information; (7) free and fair elections; and (8) institutions for making government policies depend on votes and other expressions of preference.10 My colleague Juan J. Linz and I accept the eight Dahlian institutional guarantees as...
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Political Armies: The Military and Nation Building in the Age of Democracy

Kees Koonings, Dirk Kruijt - 2002 - 420 ˹éÒ
...compete tor support/votes; (6) alternative sources of information; (7) free and fair elections and; (8) institutions for making government policies depend on votes and other expressions of preference. 22 For the concept of 'political direction', see Oliveira and Scares (forthcoming in 2001). Itamar...
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Federalism and Democratization in Post-Communist Russia

Cameron Ross - 2002 - 196 ˹éÒ
...leaders to compete for votes, 6) alternative sources of information, 7) free and fair elections, 8) institutions for making government policies depend on votes and other expressions of preference.18 Dahl groups these eight factors into the following three essential attributes of a democratic...
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