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far larger endowments than any eastern university now possesses. The crux of the problem of higher education in America is therefore this: Will men of wealth support it so that it may be accessible to the sons and daughters of the poor?

The figures given above show that tuition in Cornell University is free in the Agricultural College and free to New York State students in the Veterinary College, both of which are supported by the State. For the reasons stated in the preceding paragraphs the President believes this to be an ideal arrangement for the colleges aud universities in a democracy. If in practice this ideal be unattainable, if weight be laid on the indubitable fact that many students can afford to pay for their education, for which therefore a fee should be charged, the President is still of the opinion that the fee should be a moderate one and that free tuition should be afforded to indigent students of character and ability to whom the imposition of the charge might prove a real obstacle. Although the fees at Cornell University are lower than in most of the large eastern universities, the President would like to see them lower still. The charges now range from one hundred dollars in arts and sciences to one hundred and fifty in medicine and engineering. And it is clear from the preceding paragraphs that these fees can not be lowered unless the University receives an augmentation of its endowment funds for that purpose. Another measure of relief in the interest of the children of the workers of the country, of all who come from straitened homes, would be the endowment of scholarships carrying free tuition to needy and meritorious students. The F. W. Guiteau Student Loan Fund, of which the principal may ultimately amount to over $200,000 00, and the smaller fund established by Mr. Guiteau's sister, Mrs. Nancy G. Howe, are examples of the benefits which men and women of wealth

have it in their power to confer on poor but deserving and capable students. Under the rules already established it is necessary that the recipients of benefits from these funds shall have been in the University for two years and have made a satisfactory record as regards scholarship and character. But funds are needed which shall be available at the time when the majority of indigent young persons must either have assistance or the prospect of assistance, if they are not to forego altogether the advantages of a higher education; to wit, towards the close of their preparatory period in the high school or academy.

It is an incalculable loss, not only to the individuals themselves, but to the community, when youth endowed with rare gifts and capacities are suffered to grow up without receiving the highest training. These glorious sports. of Nature might have been of untold benefit to society had not "chill penury repressed their noble rage, and froze the genial current of the soul." And so small a percentage of the population is born with these exceptional talents that no nation can neglect them with impunity. According to Mr. Galton only one person in four thousand is endowed with special aptitudes, and only one in a million has a soul pregnant with that celestial fire which is called genius. No one can tell whence these exceptional children come; their appearance baffles all insight into organisms and environments; but it is certain that, as there are more cottages and hovels than there are palaces, most of them emerge among the masses of the people. Now as with the masses of the people their daily labor merely suffices to meet their daily wants, it follows that the highest education will not be accessible to the majority of young persons who have been endowed with rich natural gifts unless special arrangements are made to supplement the efforts and stimulate the ambition of their parents and of themselves. It is the highest

function of a university to catch these youths whom Nature herself has ordained to art, literature, philosophy, science, or invention, and train them for the work they are specially fitted to do. Society, too, is profoundly concerned for their intellectual nurture; for on them the progress of civilization depends. It is to encourage and assist indigent scholars of distinguished capacity that Cornell University needs endowments for the foundation of scholarships and the establishment of loan funds, as well as for the augmentation of the general endowment of the University which will enable the administration to keep the charges for tuition within reach of the great majority of the people.

As the President stated in closing the Report for 1904-1905, Cornell University needs millions for men. It is the faculty which makes a university. But able, well-trained, and effective teachers and investigators cannot be retained permanently in subordinate positions. At the present time the situation of many of these men at Cornell is too truly described in the words of the Psalmist for promotion cometh neither from the east, nor from the west, nor from the south." Yet, if such men are to be kept in the profession, they must receive promotions in due time to assistant professorships and full professorships. Endowments for this purpose are the greatest need of Cornell University to-day. And, after this augmentation of the intellectual forces which make and mould the University, the next need is of funds for buildings to accommodate the students who in ever-increasing numbers flock to Cornell. An auditorium for lectures and addresses to the student body and for social purposes; a gymnasium in proximity to the new playground and athletic field for the promotion of the physical training of all students and not merely of athletes; a hall for class instruction and lab. oratory work to be used by the large classes in civil engi

neering; either new machine shops or a laboratory for the conduct of the experimental work in mechanical and electrical engineering; and dormitories or halls of residence or cottages and a dining hall on the Campus-the best site in America-for the now scattered and poorly accommodated student population, who lose the inestimable advantage of social intercourse with fellow students and mutual education under a common roof and who pay increasingly high prices for their board and lodgings in private houses;— these are some of the most urgent objects in which wise, generous-hearted, and public-spirited men of wealth might make splendid and enduring investments at Cornell University.

JACOB GOULD SCHURMAN

President

APPENDIX I

CHANGES IN THE STAFF OF INSTRUCTION

The following new appointments were made for the year 19061907:

H. J. Webber, Professor of Experimental Plant Biology in the Federal Experiment Station, appointment to take effect April 1, 1907, November 10, 1906.

H. Ries, Professor of Economic Geology, November 10, 1906.
A. Flint, Professor of Physiology, Emeritus, November 10, 1906.
R. A. Hatcher, Assistant Professor of Pharmacology, October 30,
1906.

L. B. Judson, Assistant Professor of Horticulture, November 10, 1906.
H. W. Riley, M. F. Thomas, G. Carpenter, W. Van Winkle, and J.
C. Peebles, Instructors in Experimental Engineering, October
2, 1906.

F. H. Kroger, Instructor in Electrical Engineering, October 2, 1906.
C. H. Ibershoff, Instructor in German, October 2, 1906.

P. B. Paul, Instructor in Oratory and Debate, October 2, 1906.
D. C. Gillespie, Instructor in Mathematics, October 2, 1906.

J P. Grant, Instructor in Operative Surgery, October 2, 1906.

C. H. Tuck, Supervisor, Farmers' Reading Course, October 2, 1906. A. M. Holcomb, Instructor in Experimental Engineering, October 9, 1906.

K. B. Turner, Instructor in Civil Engineering, October 9, 1906.

R. C. Rodgers, Instructor in Physics, promoted from an assistantship, January 2, 1907.

J. F. H. Douglass, Instructor in Electrical Experimental Engineering, January 22, 1907.

A. E. Yokom, Instructor in Civil Engineering, February 5, 1907.
H. Dayton, Instructor in Physical Diagnosis, February 5, 1907.
R. P. Lay, Instructor in Experimental Engineering, April 16, 1907.
R. Matthews, Instructor in Machine Design, April 16, 1907.

S. Graydon and H S. Bailey, Assistants in Machine Design,
October 2, 1906.

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