in the Department of Physics, with the more specialized work in the -applications of electricity to engineering problems. This laboratory is now full grown and only needs more adequate housing and such additions to material equipment as are necessary to keep abreast with the profession. This laboratory, which has been, since its organization, connected with the Department of Experimental Engineering, is now transferred to the Department of Electrical Engineering.

The appointment of Prof. H. H. Norris as Head of the Department of Electrical Engineering insures efficient and progressive work throughout the Department.

In the Machine Shop there have been five years of steady progress in the elimination of machines that do not represent present practice and the substitution of machines of the most modern design. This change is one that will go on continuously in the future but at a slower rate since the more rapid recent changes have brought the equipment up to present standard.

The Wood-working Shop has been provided with a complete outfit of new wood-turning lathes and work-benches, all of which have been constructed in Sibley College. If this equipment had been bought in the market, the cost would have exceeded three thousand dollars, whereas the actual cost was for material only, and did not exceed four hundred dollars.

In the Foundry a trolley system has been introduced for the handling of molds and the transfer of materials. The molding machines mentioned in last year's report have been in successful operation and other devices for the production of complicated castings in large numbers at low cost have been introduced. It is now proposed to place an order for another molding machine which represents the latest development in the art.

The main object in the development of the shop work has been to provide for the teaching of the principles underlying economic manufacturing, since an understanding of these principles is vital to a student who is to become a practicing engineer. In connection with this work the shops have undertaken a certain amount of commercial work for outside firms, to help in illustration.

In the Department of Machine Design there has been steady development until now there is a logical arrangement in the work of drawing and design and very great excellence in the work of instruction throughout the course.

In response to a very rapid increase in the use of internal combustion engines for various purposes, it has been thought wise to introduce a series of courses treating of the design and operation of such engines and also of the methods of producing and transmitting the fuel supply for their operation.

Recently the Departments of Naval Architecture, Marine Engineering, and Railway Mechanical Engineering have been discontinued. This does not imply any criticism of the able and earnest men who have worked so effectively here as teachers in these Departments. About three and one-half years of the course in Sibley College are filled with the fundamental subjects that underlie all engineering, and this is considered as the most vitally important part of the engineer's training. There is left, therefore, at most only about a half year in which the student may devote his time to some specialty. It is believed that it is wiser to devote this time to some broad specialty like Electrical Engineering, Steam Engineering, or Internal Combustion Engineering, rather than to such narrow specialties as those represented by the discontinued departments. It is probable that graduate work in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering could be carried on successfully in a technical school located in a town with a large ship-building company, if the company were willing to cooperate. Also in a large railroad center, through cooperation, a graduate course in a technical school might be made successful. But Ithaca lacks these advantages of location. Moreover, there is a feeling in Sibley College that graduate work in engineering can be most effectively done in practice where engineering is carried on for a profit.

The improvements in courses and methods for which the Faculty has been striving, have been in operation during the past year; the higher entrance requirements have been enforced, a higher standard of scholarship has been attained, and a more logical arrangement of the work has been made. It is believed that in the immediate future only minor changes will be needed, though there is a steadfast purpose in the Faculty of Sibley College to keep alive to the needs of the student who is to enter the rapidly advancing practice of modern engineering.

I wish to call to your attention one very serious, pressing need in Sibley College. Every resource has been exhausted in the effort to render the building accommodations adequate for the increasing classes in shops and laboratories. Basement rooms, heretofore considered only fit for storage, have been utilized. The Electrical

Laboratory, instead of being, as it should be, in adjacent rooms of one building, is located in four widely separated places. The Mechanical Laboratory long ago outgrew the building assigned to it and its work is carried on under great and increasing difficulties. The Machine Shop, by reason of careful rearrangement, will serve for the junior classes of the next two years but not for succeeding classes at the present rate of increase. The Foundry needs a fifty per cent. increase in floor space.

Because of these conditions it will be necessary soon to provide increased building accommodations or to limit the number of students in Sibley College.

Respectfully submitted,
ALBERT W. SMITH,

Director of the Sibley College of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanic Arts.

APPENDIX XII

REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE SUMMER SESSION.

To the President of the University:

Sir: I beg to submit my fourth annual report as Director of the Summer Session for the year 1909.

In presenting this report I find it unnecessary to make extended comment on the work of this year. No radical changes have been made in the program, which has kept substantially to the same lines which have proved successful in the past. The special mention of certain departments of instruction should not be construed as implying that the others are in any way less successful.

THE TEACHING STAFF.

The present year the Faculty numbered 79, of whom 42 are considered of professorial grade. Of this number 62 are regular members of Faculties of Cornell University, and 17 come from other institutions. Of these specially appointed for the Summer Session Messrs. Bacon, Clendenin, Condra, Furlong, Hawkins, Mann, Stebbins, and Woodburn have been members of the Faculty in previous years. They brought to their work this summer the experience thus

gained, and an undiminished interest and energy. New appointments for 1909 were Dr. J. C. Bell, of the Brooklyn Training School for Teachers, for Education; Mr. Harold H. Brown, of the Stuyvesant High School, New York City, for Drawing; Mr. Philip R. Dean, of the Curtis High School, New York City, for Mathematics; Dr. Clarence O. Harris, of Illinois College, for Latin; Dr. F. W. C. Lieder, of Harvard University, for German; Mr. Addison B. Poland, Superintendent of Schools, Newark, New Jersey, for Education; Dr. Maurice H. Robinson, of the University of Illinois, for Economics; Dr. Albert Schinz, of Bryn Mawr College, for French; Mr. Harry E. Wood, Supervisor of Manual Training, Indianapolis, for Industrial Education. In earnest and devoted service to the work of the session no distinction can be made between the regular members of the University staff and the others. All have done everything, and even more, that could be asked of them. The splendid spirit of interested attention to the needs of individuals as well as classes, the readiness to sacrifice personal interests, and to give in generous measure time to the problems of the student and teacher have been no less than in other years. This spirit is the subject of frequent comment of the most appreciative kind on the part of the students, and to it our success is largely due.

*Includes 145 Porto Rican teachers admitted under special arrangement with the U. S. Department of Education.

Of the teachers in attendance there were engaged in teaching in:

The geographical distribution of students is about as last year. Forty-three states and sixteen foreign countries are represented. Among the teachers there is an increase in the attendance from the South Atlantic States, and from Pennsylvania and Maryland. This is gratifying, and encouraging in view of the fact that universities lying nearer to the homes of many of these people are now quite generally carrying on summer work. The attendance of members of college faculties is steadily growing. The number of high school teachers shows a slight falling off this year, although it is still larger than in any other year except 1908. This is rather surprising, but may be merely accidental. No definite conclusion as to its causes could be drawn without a longer period of observation. On the other hand the falling off in the number of grammar school teachers noted last year has been more than made good. As against the figures for this class prior to 1908 this year shows a normal increase. The number of our own graduates attending is still small. Regarding this and other matters directly connected with it, I beg to refer to the report of last year, page lxxx, and to say that I still hold the convictions there expressed. The problem of increasing the number of Cornell graduates directly engaged in public education seems to me one of the most important now before the University.

The instruction given in the Summer Session may be in a general way divided into three different kinds: elementary, intermediate, and advanced. It is not possible to classify students in a similar way on the basis of the nature of the work they may be taking. For example, a considerable number of mature persons, with perhaps several years of successful teaching experience, come every summer to take one of the elementary courses in language. On the other hand we have younger students still in college who may be pushing forward to advanced work in some one special line.