public sentiment as to the necessity of better surroundings in the farming country should increase the general demand for professional practice as well as be of inestimable value to the people themselves. I have long had in mind a low building of the bungalow type neatly placed in an attractive planting, which should be the home of our Rural Art Department, from which should radiate the best ideas on the improving of country surroundings.

In this connection I desire to call attention to the fact that on our University farms there should be model farm houses of different sizes and costs. These houses should be used for our farm workmen and others employed by us, the extra rooms, if any, to be rented to students. These houses should represent the best art and practice in rural architecture. Within a generation, practically all the farm buildings in New York State must be rebuilt, or remodeled, not only because they are largely old or in poor repair but also because they must be adapted to new conditions. I do not know of any other agency than this College of Agriculture that shall lead in giving advice on this very important subject. I would not invade the field of the practicing professional architect; but the practicing architect is not likely to take up farm architecture as a business because the fees would be too small to make it attractive to him. This Department, like that of Rural Art, must arise from some institution maintained by the people. All this naturally demands a Department of Rural Architecture in the College of Agriculture.

I wish also to call attention to the very unsatisfactory condition of our Agricultural Chemistry so far as facilities are concerned. We have only one professor in this great field and he is housed in rooms that are entirely insufficient for the best work, and the smallness of which prevents any adequate growth of the Department. As compared with the leading colleges of agriculture and with the necessary demands of our work, our Agricultural Chemistry needs to be at least trebled, together with provision for its steady growth in the future. What policy should obtain in connecting this work with the Department of Chemistry of the College of Arts and Sciences, is also a question that should now be considered. We should soon determine whether the Agricultural Chemistry is to remain with the general University Chemistry or whether it is to have quarters by itself. I feel that we cannot long maintain our standing without developing our chemical work far beyond its present extent and scope.

The above sketch suggests the most pressing needs in the way of new buildings, all of which are needed at the present time in order to

make our work thoroughly effective and to enable us to do what the people of the State are asking us to do. Personally, I should feel like acquainting the legislature at once with the whole situation and outlining an entire program. If that is done, other needs than the

above must, of course, be included.

to be at the moment most necessitous.

I mention only those that seem

I assume that means will be taken to complete the greenhouse structures, which are now in the process of being begun, and also to extend the barns from year to year; and if the present legislature does not provide an auditorium, the necessity for it should be pressed again at the next session.

OUR REMOTE LANDS

It should be understood that the New York State College of Agriculture labors under special difficulties in respect to its farms. The fact that the College buildings and the University in general are separated widely from the farm land constitutes such a handicap that I fear it will be impossible ever to develop the most satisfactory college of agriculture under our conditions. Farms are laboratories. They need to be in observation by students continually and we must develop such an educational process as will take students out-ofdoors and into contact with the actual objects, conditions, and affairs. The buildings of the College of Agriculture are on a narrow isthmus with no cultivable land on either side or either end. The necessity to develop the buildings of the animal husbandries (including general livestock and poultry) on the Preswick farın, and the experimental plats on the Mitchell farm, removes the larger part of our farm operations beyond the effective reach of students. Even if, as proposed, some quick means of communication, as by trolley, should eventually be provided it will nevertheless be at the best only a makeshift, and will not enable us to develop educational processes from the land in the most effective way. The great difficulties of the dismemberment of the College buildings over a long and narrow strip of land will become more apparent as time proceeds. There are practically no areas suitable for gardens, specimen plants, test grounds, and the like, about the Agricultural buildings. On the back, to the north, the land is not cultivable and is needed for campus, and on the south the area has been taken entirely by the athletic fields. I am aware, of course, that this condition cannot now be corrected; but I think it my duty to call attention to this very real

obstruction in order that in the future development of the College the matter may be in mind and every possible means may be taken to reduce the handicap, even though it cannot be removed.

Aside from the difficulties with the remoteness of lands, the separation of the buildings over such a long stretch of territory will impose difficulties that can scarcely be overcome without injury to the work of instruction.

EXTENSION WORK

There is the greatest necessity for this College of Agriculture to conduct Extension Work on a broad basis and under a definite and well-considered plan. At present, we are only touching the problem here and there. New York State should start out a thoroughgoing survey to determine what are the native and actual agricultural resources of the State. A definite program should be made to which the College can work systematically for a series of years. I do not see how the best progress can be made in developing the internal resources in the State unless we have knowledge of our actual conditions and take stock of farms, soils, wood lots, streams, schools, rural churches, country organizations, markets, social and economic conditions, and all other factors that underlie a worthy rural civilization.

At the same time we must undertake to aid the farmers of the State by attacking their problems directly on the farms where they occur. This work of itself demands a large force of well trained men, and the people are constantly making more demands on us for this purpose than we are able to satisfy.

A large part of the responsibility of keeping New York near the front rank as an agricultural state falls on the College of Agriculture. Our officers are willing and glad to assume the responsibility, if they are given means with which to work.

Demonstration and test work on farms, soil and other surveys, reading-courses, nature-study, agriculture in the schools, work with teachers, boys' and girls' clubs, work with the fairs, lectures, inspection of herds, orchards, and other farm properties, the giving of personal advice on occasion, correspondence with the people on all lines of agricultural subjects-these and similar activities constitute the proper and necessary Extension Work of the College. There is every indication that this work, in which this College has so long held a leading position, must be curtailed rather than extended; and this would be a direct loss to the State.

APPEAL TO THE PEOPLE

I think the time has come when this College of Agriculture should throw itself directly on the people of the State, acquainting them with the work that needs to be done and letting them feel the responsibility to see that means are secured for carrying it forward. The responsibility must rest with the people and they must be made to understand that it is so. The people, also, should have more direct voice in the management of the College. We are not engaged primarily in developing an institution, but in conserving the welfare and developing the internal resources of the State. The legislature does not yet realize that a college of this kind should become a regular part of the State program. It is not merely another institution, competing with those already in existence, but a new kind of enterprise having for its object the betterment of the State and the training of young men and women to live hopefully and resourcefully in the country.

I wish to repeat, what I have so many times expressed, that we are beginning a college of agriculture, not completing one. Few persons even yet realize what aids an institution of this kind will contribute to the welfare of the future. I am in position to appreciate this, for the most urgent requests are constantly coming to my desk from all departments in the College for the means to do useful work. These are all unselfish. They are not requests to empower an officer to build up his department, but to enable him to do work for his fellows all over the State. I am powerless to provide the means, and I see the opportunities pass and the men grow old and the work of the people remaining not done. I should have liked the opportunity to have gone directly to the people with a plan complete enough to have appealed to their imagination.

Respectfully submitted,

L. H. BAILEY,

Director of the New York State College of Agriculture.

APPENDIX IX

REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE COLLEGE OF
ARCHITECTURE

To the President of the University:

SIR-I have the honor to submit the following report for the College of Architecture for the year 1908-09:

The attendance in the College has increased from 100 students last year to 133 this year, thus bringing about the condition of overcrowding that I ventured to predict in my report of two years ago as a possibility. Inasmuch as the capacity of the drafting rooms in White Hall is so sharply and definitely limited this is a serious problem.

The success of the work under present conditions is unquestionably due in large measure to the great drafting room in White Hall that has permitted all of the students in the elements of architecture and design to work in close touch with each other. This close contact of the men and classes gives unlimited opportunity for comparison of work, exchange of ideas, mutual criticism, etc., and makes possible more satisfactory results with less of formal criticism and instruction by the regular teaching staff than would be possible otherwise. In my opinion any plan requiring separation of these classes would make impossible the continuance of the present high standard of work in architecture. In other words, the problem involves not only the question of room, but also that of cost and efficiency of instruction.

Since we have been in White Hall the students in landscape design have done their work in the drafting room with the students in architecture. Only their small number has made this possible, and even so they have been crowded and buffeted about this year in a way that must have been exceedingly trying and only tolerable because of the association with things so directly valuable to their work, such as the library and the work in architecture.

I am unable now to see any possible way whereby these students can be provided for in White Hall next year, but their going will be a distinct loss both to them and to us, because of the very close rela