A Students' Manual of Ethical Philosophy: Adapted from the German of G. Von GizyckiSwan Sonnenschein, 1889 - 304 หน้า |
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according agreeable Alban Stolz Aristotle Arnold von Winkelried attain become believe benevolence blame bring cause and effect circumstances command conscience consciousness consequences constitution death deed definite deliberation desire determined disposition doctrine doer egoistic ethics evil existence fact fellow-men final aim freedom greatest happiness happen highest human ideal Immanuel Kant impulses individual influence John Stuart Mill law of cause man's mankind Matthias Claudius means mental mind misery moral constitution moral feelings moral ideas moral judgment moral law motives natural selection nature object one's opinion pain perfect person pessimism pleasure possible presupposes principle prove punishment qualities of character question reason recognise regard right action rules sanction Schopenhauer self-interest selfish sense of duty simply social society Socrates Stanton Coit suffering thing Thomas à Kempis thought tion true truth universal happiness universal welfare virtue volition weal whole wish words wrong
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หน้า 12 - The happiness which they meant was not a life of rapture ; but moments of such, in an existence made up of few and transitory pains, many and various pleasures, with a decided predominance of the active over the passive, and having as the foundation of the whole, not to expect more from life than it is capable of bestowing.
หน้า 17 - Now if you suppose that there is no consciousness, but a sleep like the sleep of him who is undisturbed even by the sight of dreams, death will be an unspeakable gain. For if a person were to select the night in which his sleep was undisturbed even by dreams, and were to compare with this the other days and nights of his life, and then were to tell us how many days and nights he had passed in the course of his life better and more pleasantly than this one, I think that any man, I will not say a private...
หน้า 8 - ... into, or could not bear to part with. For such is the stuff that man is made of: in principle and in practice, in a right track and in a wrong one, the rarest of all human qualities is consistency. XIII. When a man attempts to combat the principle of utility, it is with reasons drawn, without his being aware of it, from that very principle itself.
หน้า 63 - According to the principle, therefore, which denies necessity, and consequently causes, a man is as pure and untainted, after having committed the most horrid crime, as at the first moment of his birth, nor is his character anywise concerned in his actions, since they are not derived from it, and the wickedness of the one can never be used as a proof of the depravity of the other.
หน้า 121 - Nature impales men, breaks them as if on the wheel, casts them to be devoured by wild beasts, burns them to death, crushes them with stones like the first Christian martyr, starves them with hunger, freezes them with cold, poisons them by the quick or slow venom of her exhalations, and has hundreds of other hideous deaths in reserve, such as the ingenious cruelty of a Nabis or a Domitian never surpassed.
หน้า 17 - Let us reflect in another way, and we shall see that there is great reason to hope that death is a good, for one of two things : either death is a state of nothingness and utter unconsciousness, or, as men say, there is a change and migration of the soul from this world to another. Now if you suppose that there is no consciousness, but a sleep like the sleep of him who is undisturbed even by the sight of dreams, death will be an unspeakable gain.
หน้า 17 - MAKE a joyful noise unto the Lord, all ye lands: serve the Lord with gladness: come before his presence with singing. Know ye that the Lord he is God: it is he that hath made us, and not we ourselves; we are his people, and the sheep of his pasture.
หน้า 106 - It accuses us that it has none : that pure ethics is not now formulated and concreted into a cultus, a fraternity with assemblings and holy-days with song and book, with brick and stone.
หน้า 12 - But this is to mistake the very meaning of a standard of morals, and confound the rule of action with the motive of it.
หน้า 14 - The multiplication of happiness is, according to the utilitarian ethics, the object of virtue : the occasions on which any person (except one in a thousand) has it in his power to do this on an extended scale, in other words to be a public benefactor, are but exceptional ; and on these occasions alone is he called on to consider public utility; in every other case, private utility, the interest or happiness of some few persons, is all he has to attend to.