I shall have copied If I shall have copied dasz ich abgeschrieben haben werde dasz du &c., &c. III. IMPERATIVE MOOD. S. copy (thou), schreib’ab. | Pl. copy (ye), schreibt ab. IV. INFINITIVE MOOD. Pres. to copy, abzuschreiben. Past. to have copied, abge schrieben haben. PARTICIPLES. Present. copying, abschreibend. Past. copied, abgeschrieben. Conjugate in the same way— INSEPARABLE COMPOUND VERBS. RULE 85.-Inseparable compound verbs are of two kinds : 1. Those that take the prefix ge in the past participle. 2. Those that take no prefix at all. RULE 86.-Inseparable compound verbs taking the prefix ge in their past participles are: (A) Verbs composed of a noun which, if placed after it, could not be its direct object (accusative case); as RULE 87.-Inseparable compound verbs not taking any prefix in the past participle are those that are formed from derived verbs with one of the following prepositions prefixed to them-an, ab, aus, auf, ein, mit, nach, vor, zu; as— abverdienen, to work off anerkennen, to acknowledge ausersehen, to choose auferstehen, to rise up einverstehen, to agree with They are conjugated like to which they belong. mitvertheidigen, to join in one's nachbedenken, to consider later on SEPARABLE OR INSEPARABLE COMPOUND VERBS. RULE 88.-Compound verbs, separable or inseparable in their indicative and imperative moods, the past participle, and the infinitive, are verbs composed with one of the following prepositions :-durch (through), um (around), unter (under), über (over), and wieder (again). They are :- (A) Separable if the accent (and consequently the meaning) lies on the preposition, and then they are treated like separable verbs of Rule 84. (B) Inseparable if the accent (and of course the meaning) lies on the verb, and then they are treated like inseparable compound verbs of Rule 87. CHAPTER IX. OF INFINITIVES AND PARTICIPLES." RULE 89.-The infinitive, considered by itself, has neither number, gender, nor person, and expresses a general and vague idea of an action; but in conjunction with other words its functions are manifold and of great importance. It is used by itself and without zu: (A) As the subject of a sentence; as— Much drinking is hurtful. To govern is a difficult task. (B) As the object of a sentence before or after the following verbs:78 dürfen, können, lassen, mögen, müssen, sollen, werden, and wollen;79 as Er hat nicht ausgehen dürfen. He was forbidden to go out. Er musz es ihn thun lassen. Wir wollen ausgehen. He must let him do it. REMARK 77.-Neither the infinitive nor the participles form a separate part of speech, as can be seen in the 2nd Rule; but their use being of very great importance in the language, I have thought it advisable to devote a separate chapter to this part of grammar. REMARK 78.-In simple tenses the infinitive is placed after the verb, in compound ones before; as-Er musz arbeiten, Er hat arbeiten müssen. (c) As the object of a sentence after the verbs heiszen, helfen, hören, lehren, lernen, sehen, fühlen,79 (D) As the object of the following verbs, used conjointly: leben, to live bleiben, to remain, with stecken, to remain sitzen, to sit liegen, to lie spaziren, to walk betteln, to beg REMARK 79.-Observe that heiszen, helfen, hören, and sehen, as well as dürfen, können, lassen, mögen, müssen, and sollen, having an infinitive as their object, take in their perfect and pluperfect tenses the infinitive, and not the past participle; as Ich habe ihn lesen hören. I have heard him reading. He told me to come. He could have relied upon that. |