pastor, and the First Baptist Church as Klansmen rallied at the high school football stadium. Whitsett, who was out of town, said the Rev. Newton Maloney, his associate pastor, kicked over the cross and stood briefly in front of a car occupied by Klansmen. Later, Mrs. Maloney received a telephone call and heard a man warn that unless the Maloneys and Whitsetts were out of town in 10 days "your house and your child will be blown to bits." Whitsett speculated that the Baptist church was a target because of the recent Southern Baptist Convention stand for elimination of racial barriers among its churches. Whitsett's endorsement of moderation in race relations has made him a frequent subject for KKK criticism and his family bas received a number of threatening telephone calls. (June 9, 1957-B)

Pratt City, Ala.: A cross was burned in front of a fireman's house. Police said the cross was found at the new bome of Daryel H. Leatherwood. Leatherwood advertised bas old home as being in a Negro neighborhood, neighbors said, after he had been unable to sell it to a white purchaser. (July 20, 1957-W)

Montgomery, Ala.: A legislator said he had reliable information that some white planters in Alabama held Negroes in bondage by paying them with welfare funds. State Sen. George Little of Barbour County said he had been told at least three big landowners encouraged unwed Negro mothers to qualify for aid to dependent children, threatening at the same time to have the payments stopped unless their families continued working. Little said the practice amounted to "peonage, pure and simple." He added that the landowners paid "little or no wages." State welfare authorities said there was no legal way a landowner could have a tenant cut off the welfare rolls unless be could show the Negroes refused to accept suitable work. But Little said an influential plantation owner could "get around that by claiming the Negroes refused to work or that they stay drunk." (Aug. 8, 1957-B)

Birmingham, Ala.: Three of nine Negro families who signed a petition requesting integration of Birmingham schools reported they have been receiving threatening telephone calls. Another Negro, who said he had nothing to do with the petition, said he and his wife also had been threatened. (August 26, 1957-B)

Mobile, Ala: A five-foot cross was burned beside Alba High School in Bayou La Batre, a fishing community near the Gulf. No Negroes had tried to enter the school. It was the third such incident in a week at Mobile County acbooka. Earlier, a small cross was burned on the campus of Vigor High School and a similar one was burned at the entrance to Murphy High School. (Oct. 2, 1957-B) Mobile, Ala: Seven crosses, planted in different sections of the city, were burned in Mobile within an hour. Most were near Negro homes. (Oct. 25, 1957—B)

Prattville, Ala: Six crosses have been burned in the Negro section. As a result, reporters found some Negroes who said they felt their lives were in danger and had armed themselves with shotguns. (October 27, 1957-G) Birmingham, Ala: The KKK demonstrated throughout Jefferson county and distributed pamphlets calling on white employers to discharge all Negroes and warning businessmen that the Klan would boycott them if they continued to employ Negroes. (November 15, 1957-B)

Birmingham, Ala. Crosses were burned at 18 all-white schooia the week-end before the beginning of the fall

term. Police said the cross burnings apparently were well organized; all were set afire at about the same time. Although a school integration suit was pending before the Supreme Court of the United States, there had been no official reports of planned attempts to enroll Negro children in white schools. (Sept. 2, 1958-Y)

Montgomery, Ala.: The Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. accused police of brutality after he was arrested on a charge of loitering. The Negro leader of the local bus boycott was jailed for 15 minutes after two officers said he had refused to move when they ordered a crowd to disperse. King was allowed to sign a $100 bond for his release. He said police had "tried to break my arm. They grabbed my collar and tried to choke me, and when they got me to the cell, they kicked me in." Police Commissioner Clyde Sellers denied this and said the minister was "treated as anyone else would be." The commissioner, a member of the pro-segregation Citizens Council, described the minister's charge as "just the kind of statement I would expect from King." The minister was arrested at the courtroom entrance at City Hall where he had gone to attend a hearing for a Negro accused of attacking the Rev. Ralph D. Abernathy, an integration leader. The courtroom was filled and King, with about 50 other Negroes, waited on a sidewalk outside. Two days after the arrest, King was fined $14 for refusing to obey a police officer. When he refused to pay the fine, Sellers paid it so the defendant would not go to jail a "martyr." (Sept. 3-5, 1958-B)

Mobile, Ala.: A fourth arrest has grown out of a crossburning in front of the home of a Mobile minister who was one of a group urging bus integration. Three other men were arrested earlier. Sheriff Ray D. Bridges said the fourth man arrested was a Klansman. (Oct. 1, 1958-B)

Birmingham, Ala.: Three Montgomery Negro ministers, who were leaders in the bus boycott in their home city, were arrested after visiting at the home of the Rev. F. L. Shuttlesworth, Negro minister of Birmingham. They were arrested for vagrancy, questioned and later released without charge. The Montgomery ministers were identified as the Rev. S. S. Seay, executive secretary of the Montgomery Improvement Association, the Rev. A. W. Wilson and the Rev. H. H. Hubbard. Following their arrest, Public Safety Commissioner Eugene Connor warned that "outside agitators coming to our city and dabbling in our affairs" face arrest. (Oct. 28, 1958-B)

Birmingham, Ala.: Atty. Gen. William P. Rogers asked a Federal Grand Jury in Birmingham to investigate the arrest of three Negro ministers on vagrancy charges. (See above.) Rogers told a news conference he had ordered the United States Attorney to present known facts to the jury and to ask that it make a vigorous investigation of its own after Birmingham's Police Commissioner Eugene Connor had refused to discuss the incident with the FBI. (Nov. 14, 1958-S)

Birmingham, Ala.: After being held for five days, two ministers were handed jail terms and 12 other Negroes suspended sentences for violating Birmingham's bus seating law. Recorders Court Judge William Conway sentenced the Rev. F. L. Shuttlesworth to 90 days and fined him $100. The Rev. J. S. Phifer was given 60 days and fined the same amount. The Negroes were charged with violating a new ordinance adopted in an effort to preserve segregated buses in Birmingham. It authorized bus drivers to tell passengers where to sit and replaced the old ordinance

requiring segregated seating. Later, Birmingham Circuit Court Judge George Lewis Bailes upheld the bus-seating law in affirming the convictions. The Negroes gave notice of further appeal. (Oct. 28, Dec. 3, 1958-B)

Birmingham, Ala.: A Negro minister was arrested and charged with urging a bus boycott. The Rev. Calvin W. Woods, pastor of the East End Baptist Church, was released several hours later under $500 bond. Another Negro previously arrested was fined $1,000 and sentenced to six months in jail after he was convicted of distributing boycott literature. The Negro, John Harvey Kelly, gave notice of appeal. (Nov. 25, 1958-B)

Birmingham, Ala.: A white Methodist minister charged that Birmingham police detained him against his will, fingerprinted him, photographed him and took personal papers from him without a warrant. The Rev. Glenn Smiley, field secretary of the Fellowship of Reconciliation, made his charges in Nyack, N. Y. He said he had conducted several workshops for Negro groups in connection with the Montgomery bus boycott and had been invited to Birmingham to lecture before the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights. He added that he had lectured Birmingham Negroes on previous trips on how to resist segregation without violence. Birmingham Commissioner of Public Safety Eugene (Bull) Connor confirmed that Smiley had been questioned, fingerprinted and photographed and commented: "I've said before and I repeat, we're not going to stand for anybody, white or black, coming into this city and stirring up trouble between our people by trying to create a boycott." The minister said Police Capt. George Pattie and an unidentified detective called on him Dec. 14 at his room in the Redmont Hotel. He said Pattie insisted that he go with him to a police station, although the minister demanded a warrant. Smiley quoted Pattie as saying, "We will use whatever force necessary to see your file." He said the police refused to allow him to call a lawyer. The minister said the officers took several letters from a file he kept in a suitcase and later photostated them. The letters were returned to him. Smiley said he was questioned for about two hours. He said he had reported the incident to the FBI. (Dec. 21, 1958B)

ARKANSAS

Jonesboro, Ark.: At a hearing on the Hoxie school integration case (see Violence), a Negro told of threats. Clarence Braxton, 73, testified he sent his son Joseph, 16 to Pasco, Washington, to live because he had received a letter which contained a clipping on the Emmett Till slaying in Mississippi and a note which said, "Your boy can get the same thing." The son had been enrolled in the Hoxie schools. (January 1956-A)

Little Rock, Ark.: A cross was burned October 27 at the home of Mrs. L. C. Bates, state NAACP president. Mrs. Bates received several anonymous telephone calls during the day. Another cross had been burned at her home October 11. (December 1957-A)

FLORIDA

Lakeland, Fla.: As Klansmen burned a large cross and vowed to maintain segregation, a few miles away a Negro church offered prayers for them. (July 21, 1956—B)

Miami, Fla.: Four members of the Seaboard Citizens

Council who tried to burn a cross on the lawn of a Negr living in a white Miami neighborhood were found guilty of unlawful assembly and intimidation. Municipal Cour Judge Mitchell Goldman told them, "This is a benou offense. Certainly we get enough trouble in this work without having something like this. You gentlemen have struck at the basis of our democracy." Three were s tenced to 60 days and fined $500 on each of two charg the fourth was given a suspended 30 day sentence fined $100. All appealed. (March 7, 1957-B)

Miami, Fla.: Six white persons were arrested on charg of disorderly conduct for marching in front of the bo of Frank Legree, a Negro entertainer who lives in an a white section. They carried signs saying "We intend to kee this neighborhood white," and "Did Clinton get too by for you?" Several protest meetings had been held se the Legrees moved into the section. (March 24, 1957—i

Bradenton, Fla.: The KKK asked permission for motorcade through the city; Bradenton police agreed or if Klansmen remained unmasked, stayed out of the Neg area, and passed through the city quickly. However, Sher Roy Baden provided an escort for the parade and his me were at the head of the line as it passed through Negro section. After an investigation, Gov. LeRoy Co lins wired Baden, "Your conduct and that of your deputa cannot be approved or condoned. Your actions gave appearance of 'shepherding or leading the parade granted to it the apparent sanction of the law." The gove nor said the KKK is “a symbol for intolerance, to not as disorder. ... law enforcement officers should proba to the utmost of their authority demonstrations by organization." (April 1958-A)

St. Petersburg, Fla.: A cross was burned near the owned Spa Beach. It was closed after eight Negro cuin students swam there. It was the first time Negroes taken advantage of a Federal Court decision the previo year which officially desegregated the beach. City Manag Ross Windom closed the beach in accordance with a pr arranged plan. (June 7, 1958-Y)

Tampa, Fla.: Negro students were evacuated from Bla High School because of a bomb threat, the second sa incident in Tampa in a week. Police found no sign of bomb. (Nov. 8, 1958-Y)

Miami, Fla.: Anonymous callers threatened four ma Miami area establishments with bombings. The threats, to a Roman Catholic church, two Miami Bea hotels and a restaurant which serves Negroes at the be door, brought to eight the number of establishments ceiving bombing threats in a two day period. Two P testant churches, which had been visited by uninv Negroes, a Catholic church and a Catholic hospital w threatened the previous day. (Nov. 19, 1958-Y)

GEORGIA

Atlanta, Ga.. Police reported a Negro family living a white section received a threatening letter; it conta a newspaper clipping showing the picture of a home aged by dynamite and the notation in red ink, “take wi ing from this." The family had rented an apartment vacant building between white residences. (March 1956-E)

Summerville, Ga.: About 100 cars bearing license plates from Georgia, South Carolina and Alabama moved through the city, past a section of Negro homes and to the nearby county fairgrounds for a rally. One robed participant in the parade displayed a breeched shotgun. (November 20, 1956-8)

Gray, Ga. The local theater manager was threatened with a Klan visit because he allowed Negroes to sit in the balcony on a segregated basis. Later, Klansmen from neighboring Bibb County rode down the main street. They denied any connection between the threats and the night ride, declaring the group was only advertising a future rally (July 8, 1957-N)

Adanta, Ga.: Two crosses were burned in front of Negro homes, and gasoline was burned in the street in front of one during October. (October 14, 1957—E)

Atlanta, Ga. A total of 11 bomb threats aimed at six schools and one against Grady Hospital were among those reported to police. In each case, a search was made but no bombs were found. At the height of the bomb threats, however, officers did find a dynamite cache in a suburban area about 10 miles from the synagogue which was bombed Oct. 12. (Oct. 25, 27, 1958-Atlanta Journal, B)

LOUISIANA

New Orleans, La: Gov. Marvin Griffin of Georgia was the main speaker at a Citizens Council rally in Pelican Park May 17. An audience of 4,000 heard speakers attack the Supreme Court, Urban League, the "soft on integration" policies of Louisiana State University and Catholic Archbishop Joseph Rummel of New Orleans. Shortly after the rally a wooden cross was burned outside the Archbishop's residence. (June 1956-A)

New Orleans, La.: A Catholic priest, the Rev. Eugene McManus, was threatened after he appeared as a speaker at a meeting on integration. An anonymous caller threatened "to get" the priest and used "unprintable language." March 22, 1956-M)

New Orleans, La: A cross was burned on the lawn of US District Court Judge J. Skelly Wright, who signed orders to end segregation on New Orleans buses. The mcident occurred during the first hours the bus integraboe order went into effect. Judge Wright attributed the ncident to "just someone looking for publicity" but said that, I figured it had to be a Ku Klux Klan thing. It wasn't done by an amateur." (May 31, 1958-B)

New Orleans, La: A 23-year-old white draftsman, Elster Besselle, Jr., was convicted of assault in the first acial incident reported since court-ordered integration began on the city's transit system two weeks previously. Municipal Court Judge Andrew G. Bucaro ruled that Besvele was guilty of pushing a Negro woman out of the seat when she sat down beside him on a bus. She had said he rabed her from the seat and tried to strike her. The man fied he brushed against her accidentally and denied that be tried to strike her. The judge said he doubted that the incident was an outgrowth of the decision of the Supreme Court outlawing segregation on city transportation. He said he doubted that Besselle tried to hurt the woman, but I have no doubt he intended to push her out of the wat." (Jume 14, 1958-B)

MISSISSIPPI

Jackson, Miss.: W. D. Mangrum, a Jackson Negro, reported that several white boys tossed a stone through the windshield of his car on September 14, believing it to be the car of a Negro editor. (September 15, 1955-J)

Jackson, Miss. A crudely made cross was burned in front of a Catholic Church, Christ the King. The Rev. P. H. Boer, pastor, learning of it later, commented, "That's the way they operate; they haven't got the guts to come out in the open and do it." He said the burning may have been because of a Negro school the church operates on the rear of its property. Several years before rotten eggs were thrown at the church entrance. (March 26, 1957-L)

NORTH CAROLINA

Montgomery County, N. C.: Elsie Horn, who with six others withdrew from a suit against the Montgomery County Board of Education, said she had been asked if she would like it if she sent her "kids to a white school and they came up missing or didn't come back at all." (October 13, 1955-T)

Greensboro, N. C. The Rev. Julius T. Douglas, who heads an organization which offered defense for six Negroes charged with trespassing on Gillespie Park Golf Course, said he was informed indirectly his home would be bombed. "The lady next door received an anonymous call saying that she should get out because my house was going to be bombed during the night," he related. (December 21, 1955-B)

Hillsboro, N. C.: A cross was burned before a home in which Dr. Frank Graham, special United Nations representative and former president of the University of North Carolina, was visiting. A 25-year-old student was arrested and paid a $10.00 fine. (February 1957-A, March 1957-A)

Raleigh, N. C.: Mr. and Mrs. Joseph H. Holt Sr., parents of a Negro youth seeking admission to an all-white high school, received telephone threats their home would be bombed "if you don't quit sending messages to the school board," the Raleigh Times reported. Letters containing veiled threats were sent the Raleigh School Board and Holt and were signed, "Executive Committee, Wake County Patriots of North Carolina," according to the Raleigh News and Observer. The Patriots were formed in 1955 to maintain "the purity and culture of the white race and of Anglo-Saxon institutions." (July 1957)

Statesville, N. C. Police guarded the vacant home of two white sisters officers said were found in a car with two Negro men. A crowd of between 500 and 600 demonstrated before the house the previous night. At the same time, police said that 14 Negroes were arrested downtown for disorderly conduct because they were crowding white persons off the sidewalk and making insulting remarks. (November 16, 1957—B)

Charlotte, N. C. A bomb scare at Mecklenburg County Negro grammar school proved a dud. Police Capt. G. A. Stevens said an anonymous caller warned police that a bomb was set to explode in a school at Paw Creek, about five miles away. Officers searched the school but found no bomb, although they did find a cross burning in the school yard shortly after the call. Stevens said both incidents were acts of intimidation. (February 6, 1958-B)

48310-59-pt. 3—10

Charlotte, N. C.: Harding High School, scene of integration incidents last year, was evacuated after an anonymous caller telephoned that a bomb was hidden in the building. No bomb was found. Police said the warning apparently was a follow-up by a prankster to the previous day's bomb scare at Mount Pleasant High School near Concord, N. C., some 20 miles away. (Nov. 25, 1958—Y)

SOUTH CAROLINA

Elloree, S. C.: L. A. Blackman, contractor and president of the Elloree chapter of the NAACP, said friends told him speakers at a Klan rally had said it was "up to the colored people to see that Blackman gets out of town." Blackman said he had no intention of leaving. He was active in distributing petitions seeking integrated schools in Elloree. (December 7, 1955-B)

Williamsburg Courty, S. C.: Firearms and firecrackers were discharged on June 12 when a group of white Catholic priests and assistants presented a film on the life of Christ for an all-Negro audience of about 200. Father Patrick Walsh, head of Our Lady of Springbank Dominican Friary, reported to police that he had been stopped and cursed for some 15 minutes while enroute to the film showing. Four white youths in a pickup truck stopped him, he said, and told him, "We run our own neighborhood and to hell with all authorities." Thereafter, the priest reported a pickup truck sped up and down the road alongside the area where the film was being shown. Firecrackers were discharged and several shots fired; several bullet holes were found in the projection screen. Three young men were held temporarily but released later in the absence of formal charges. (July 1956-A)

Camden, S. C.: Anonymous threats to destroy the buildings of Mather Academy forced Methodist officials to remove a group of young white and Negro church workers from the campus of the Negro school. Earlier, a cross was burned. Camden Mayor Henry Savage said he "certainly thinks" the threats came from a newly organized KKK Klavern in the Camden area. A cross was burned in front of the Mayor's home later, presumably, he said, because he had indicated he would call on the governor for troops if needed to prevent the bombing or burning of Mather school. The mayor and city council had provided what protection they could but had asked the group to abandon its integrated work project in the interest of preserving good order. (July 12, 1956-B; September 1956—A)

Hartsville, S. C.: A crowd of 2,000 jammed field to hear a speaker denounce President Eisenhower and shout, "Moderation has never been the answer to anything. It is the extremists-you and me who are going to have to solve this problem." (July 28, 1956-B)

Rock Hill, S. C.: A wooden cross was burned in front of St. Anne's Catholic school, the only desegregated one in the state and in its third year of integrated operation. Two months earlier a series of cross burnings in the area caused the Rock Hill Ministerial Union to pass a resolution unanimously saying, "Such acts... are the work of men of ill will and ought to be opposed by all right-minded citizens." (February 1957-A; November 8, 1956-R)

Orangeburg, S. C.: Mrs. H. F. Pierce, vice president of the local NAACP chapter, reported threatening telephone calls and a letter with the words "you will die" pencilled across a torn piece of newspaper. She turned over the letter to the FBI. Other Negroes have received threaten

ing letters, presumably in connection with an econces battle over segregation issues. (December 10, 1956—B

Columbia, S. C.: Six white teen-agers were freed, with a warning, after they were arrested for burning a crown front of a gate to Benedict (Negro) College. (February 1957-A)

York County, S. C.: At a Klan meeting near Fort Mill the principal speaker denounced Billy Graham, the Pre dent and Vice-President and other government officials He also listed local and national products and firms, which he said contributed to the NAACP or other pro-integra tion causes, and suggested they be boycotted. (July 1957A)

Greenwood, S. C.: Two white teen-aged boys had ther probation revoked for burning a cross at a rural home and were sent to the State Industrial School. A third youth was placed on probation and a 22-year-old man was fined $50 in magistrate's court. (August 1957-A)

Union, S. C. The legislative delegation of Union county announced it was arming against enforced integr> tion. The delegation said it had ordered $1,000 worth c sub-machine guns-nine of them and $300 worth of ammunition, or a thousand rounds. State Sen. John D Long of Union said the weapons, for the sheriff and ha eight deputies, were to be used to "repel any invasion by Federal troops or anyone else violating our laws. He explained that by "our laws" he meant those calling for separation of whites and Negroes in schools and elsewhere. (October 17, 1957-B)

Charleston, S. C.: A cross was burned in front of the home of a Negro candidate for the House of Represent tives, John H. Wrighten, about a week before the election It drew statements of condemnation from all three wh candidates in the race. Wrighten ran second in a field of four but trailed far behind the leading candidate. (January 1958-A)

TENNESSEE

Nashville, Tenn.: Parents of six of the 13 Negro fre graders enrolled for integrated classes for the first time reported telephone threats of harm to their children en the eve of registration. Assistant School Superintender W. H. Oliver said his family also was threatened. (Augu 28, 1957-B)

Nashville, Tenn.: At least 12 crosses have been burne in or near Negro neighborhoods, according to police rec ords. (November 1957-A)

Knoxville, Tenn Efforts were made to intimidate M Sarah Patton Boyle, an officer in the Virginia Council of Human Relations, when she appeared in Knoxville for speaking engagement. Several telephone calls were ma to her and her hostess by callers who identified themse as members of the White Citizens Council. At midnih an ambulance driver appeared in answer to a fraudule call from an unidentified person. (Charlottesville-A marle Tribune, November 22, 1957)

Nashville, Tenn.: Mrs. Mary Staton, whose family pur chased a home in a previously white neighborhood, four cards in her yard carrying KKKK labels, one with notation, "Your days are numbered. Move now." T president of the Knights of the KKK denied his group ha anything to do with it, and said, "Some people have

confused with the old KKK (three Ks)." (January 24, (958-U)

Nashville, Tenn.: Chester Mason, chairman of the Parents School Preference Committee, told police he had received two anonymous calls threatening him. The commitee opposed integration of Nashville schools and has proposed a three part system, providing all white, all Negro, and integrated schools for those who choose them. March 21, 1958-U)

TEXAS

Tahoka, Tex.: The school board ruled that a 16-year-old Negro boy, Andrew Nance, could attend the white high school as a junior because the Negro school offered only 6 grades. A few hours after he entered the school his white classmates elected him vice-president of the junior cam However, he later was accosted by three Tahoka men who threatened him with personal harm if he conmed to attend the school. Subsequently, the Lynn County grand jury investigated the threats but failed to indict anyone. (September 18 and 23, 1955-B)

Dallas, Tex.: A cross was set afire on the lawn of Dr. Cosette F. Newton's home, which was offered for sale to Negro. The cross was doused with water by the fire deartment before any damage was done to the home, or to a hackyard pavilion ship which had set off a bitter neighborhood feud. Doctor Newton offered to sell her fashionable home to a Negro after losing a battle fought to the Texas Supreme Court to keep her ship, which neighbors called an eyesore. (January 26, 1956-C)

Bonham, Tex.: Police said a man who planted a burning cross in the driveway of House Speaker Sam Rayburn's home did not do it as a joke, that it was carefully made by an experienced carpenter. Bonham residents were mystified

to why Rayburn's two-story colonial mansion was ected as a target. The Speaker's brother and his wife, and his sister were in the house at the time. (July 27, (956-C)

Beaumont, Tex: A 12-foot cross was burned on the campus of Lamar State College of Technology, after the school had been ordered to open its doors to Negroes in the fall (August 2, 1956-B)

Hillsboro, Tex.: A cross was burned and in Leroy, small town near Waco, the effigy of a Negro was strung across he highway. (October 1956-A)

Wichita Falls, Tex.: Classrooms were evacuated briefly integrated Midwestern University after the second reatening telephone call in two weeks. A man called a versity telephone operator and told him to "get everybody out of there by 11 o'clock." Dr. Travis White, presit of the city-owned school, said Negroes have attended be school for five years without previous incidents. (Oct. 22.1958-B)

Houston, Tex: A cross was burned in the front yard of Mr. Charles White, who was elected as the first Negro member of the Houston School Board the previous week. White's husband, an optometrist, quickly extinguished the haze Mrs. White ran on an integration platform, agng an orderly program. No school desegregation steps have been made in Houston. (November 11, 1958-B) Houston, Tex.: Mrs. Charles E. White (see above) told ace today that air pellets struck the windshield of her mobile. The car was parked at a church. (Dec. 9, 958-8)

Houston, Tex.: While they searched for a bomb, police barricaded for 20 minutes the Houston music hall where Arkansas Gov. Orval Faubus was scheduled to speak. No bomb was found. Police said they had received a call that a bomb had been planted and was timed to explode while Faubus spoke on a "bill of rights" program. (Dec. 13, 1958-Y)

VIRGINIA

Fairfax County, Va.: Police placed a 19-year-old white girl in protective custody because, when she sought refuge with a Negro family, a cross burning and exchange of shots resulted. The girl said she moved into the home because she had no place else to go. The night after a cross was burned unidentified persons drove in front of the house and fired five shots; a member of the Negro family fired one shot into the air. No one was injured. The girl later was released unconditionally. (She had been a ward of the county for 10 years, had served a vagrancy sentence and been released.) (August 11, 16, 1956—S)

Charlottesville, Va.: The fourth cross since mid-August was burned on a local lawn, apparently in protest against the activities of the local chapter of the Virginia Council on Human Relations. The latest blazed on the lawn of Dr. Frank D. Daniel, financial chairman of the group; another was burned at the home of Mrs. Sarah Patton Boyle, officer of the state group, and one at the home of Mrs. Morris Brown, vice president of the local chapter. The first cross was burned before the Westminster Presbyterian Church during a meeting of the Council. It was this meeting John Kasper, ex-secretary of the Seaboard White Citizens Council, invaded to say his group had "declared war on you people" and would "run you out of town." (December 9, 1956; August 30, 1956-S)

Charlottesville, Va.: Asa Carter, executive secretary of the North Alabama Citizens Council, told an audience of about 250 that Southerners could not look to their politicians or their courts for a solution of the segregation problem. "This is not a legal problem,” Carter said. “It won't be settled in the courts. It is up to you to say the Negro is not going to your schools and it is up to you to keep him out." (September 3, 1956-B)

Arlington County, Va.: A burning cross was found in a cemetery adjoining a Negro church. The Rev. John F. Monroe, pastor of the Calloway Methodist Church, reported the incident to police, who found the smoldering cross when they arrived about 2:15 a.m. (June 23, 1958S)

Arlington County, Va.: The ninth Arlington County case growing out of Virginia's controversial segregated seating law was thrown out of court. Mrs. Robert A. Eldridge Jr., a Negro who refused to leave her white friends at a Unitarian Church picnic at a park, was cleared of disorderly conduct charges. She was arrested after police received a telephone complaint from an unidentified person that the seating law was being violated. Members of the church posted collateral and some critics termed her arrest harrassment. Mrs. Eldridge's son was one of seven Negro children who applied for entry to white schools the previous fall. County officials, who said they must respond to complaints of racial seating law violations, have been unable to win a conviction in any of nine cases where arrests were made in the previous two years. Arlington County circuit court judges have differed on the constitu