touches the 100-mark), and the Graduate Department with an increase of ten. Of the 320 students registered in Medicine sixty-three were in Ithaca and 257 in the Medical College in New York City.

Of these 3,734 regularly enrolled students 3,331 were men and 403 women. And of those 403 women 313 were pursuing studies in the Arts and Sciences, thirty-four in Agriculture, twenty-four in Medicine, and four in Architecture, while thirty-eight were engaged in specialized work and investigation in the Graduate Department.

A little more than half (2,025) of these 3,734 regular students came from New York State. From Pennsylvania came 322, New Jersey, 190, Ohio, 155, Illinois, 108, and Massachusetts, 101, while 690 came from forty-five other states and territories of the United States (including Porto Rico, Hawaii and the Philippine Islands) and 143 from twenty-eight different foreign countries, (including China, 28, Cuba, 14, Argentine Republic, 14, Canada, 12, India, 11, Japan, 11, Mexico, 7, Brazil, 7, Peru, 6, England, 4, Australia, 3, Switzerland, 3, etc.)

Coming as Cornell students do from so many different states and countries, it is not surprising that many of them should have partially or wholly completed a college course before coming to Ithaca. In the Graduate Department there are 249 college graduates and 219 other college graduates are enrolled as undergraduates in the professional or liberal courses. But in addition to these graduates Cornell draws a large and increasing number of undergraduates from other colleges and universities. The number of new students— college graduates and undergraduates-admitted to advanced undergraduate standing in 1907-1908 was 225. Ten years earlier (in 1897-1898) the number was 108. The work done by these students who come from other colleges and universities to Cornell is indicated by the following exhibit for 1897-1898 and 1907-1908:

The entire number of students who have been enrolled in the University since it opened in 1868 is approximately 26,000.

The number of degrees conferred in 1907-1908 was 715, of which 649 were first degrees and sixty-six advanced degrees.

In the forty years that have elapsed since the opening of the University 10,475 degrees have been conferred, of which 9,451 were first degrees and 1,024 advanced degrees. Of these 10,475 degrees about one tenth (1,028 first and seventy-two advanced) were granted during the administration of President White, who resigned in 1885. Or, putting the matter in another form, the University conferred in 1908 almost two thirds as many degrees as it conferred during the entire period of President White's administration from 1868 to 1885.

It has been stated that 4,465 persons attended the University in 1907-1908 and that the number of regularly enrolled students was 3,734. This academic community of thousands of young men is almost entirely self-governing, and few things are more admirable in themselves or more encouraging for the future of the republic than the exemplary manner in which they conduct themselves. Now as always Cornell University is a place for hard work, and no indolent or dissolute student could for any length of time maintain the standing demanded of him. Nevertheless occasional cases of drunkenness or vice do occur which bring disgrace on this studious, temperate and moral com

munity. The policy of the University in such cases, whenever they become known, is to appeal to the delinquent's sense of honor, right and filial obligation, to warn him of the consequences of a repetition of the offence, and, when neither appeal nor warning is of any avail, to remove the offender from the University. But oftener than not the offence may not come to the cognizance of the authorities of the University. The only remedy for such cases is the maintenance of a high standard of public opinion in the student body, and to that end public addresses and appeals are on ordinary occasions of less value than informal expressions of opinion in and by groups of men-classes, societies, fraternities and the like--which in time would pervade and leaven the entire academic community. And there is one definite evil for the removal of which the President appeals to the senior class of 1908-1909. The senior banquet is entirely a senior affair. It has now become a disgrace to the University. For their own sakes and for the good name of the University the President appeals to the seniors either to abolish or completely reform this demoralizing celebration.

HALLS OF RESIDENCE

On the physical, economic and social sides the University has done far too little for the thousands of young men who come to it for instruction. Elsewhere in this report the President has described in some detail the provisions which have been made for the young women who reside in Sage College and Sage Cottage, and aside from the fact that even these buildings cannot accommodate more than half of the women enrolled, the Trustees may well feel that in this respect they have left little to be desired. But a vastly larger number of young men--indeed all except the comparatively few whom the fraternities house--are still com

pelled to find room and board where they can about the city and for the most part in boarding and lodging houses built and operated by private individuals with a view single to the income which they derive therefrom.

Over these private establishments the University can obviously exercise no control or supervision whatever, thus losing one of the most effective means of safeguarding the health and the social, moral and physical well-being of the undergraduate body, while the disadvantages from an educational and even disciplinary standpoint arising from the fact that so large a majority of the students are so widely scattered under so many different roofs, are at once appreciable when it is considered what effective forces would be at work for the promotion of healthy social intercourse, solidarity, and the crystallization of student public opinion, were all these young men brought together under common roofs and at common tables.

But it is not merely a social question, nor even an educational question alone. The rapid growth of the student body, a growth which has far exceeded the extension of student lodging facilities in the city--and as this report goes to press the President is in receipt of figures indicating a large increase in the registration for the coming year-has created an economic problem of the gravest consequence and one which strikes at the very root of that democracy of which the University has always been so justly proud. All recognize, of course, that the cost of living has substantially advanced during the last decade, and it should be stated in fairness that perhaps the advance in the price of table board which the students now have to pay as compared with earlier years only reflects this general condition. But quite aside from this the charges imposed upon students for rentals in these private lodging houses have been forced by peculiar local conditions up to a level altogether dis

proportionate to the general advance in the cost of living. Cornell has long held the proud name of "The People's University," endeavoring always to minister in terms of higher education to every legitimate need of the people of the State and nation, and it would be unfortunate, indeed, and a sad check to one of the noblest ambitions of its Founder, if for any reason the opportunities which it affords should be denied to any one who is physically and mentally fitted to pursue and profit by its instruction. But there is danger of this very result if some provision is not made soon for the proper housing of the young men of the University under conditions that will afford them the ordinary conveniences of life at a moderate and reasonable cost.

In failing to provide halls of residence for these thousands of young men the University, however unintentionally or unavoidably, is fostering a monopoly which imposes great financial hardship upon its students. And, though the President has referred to the matter again and again both in his annual reports and in his public utterances, he repeats with renewed and added emphasis the statement that no friend of the University could render it a greater or more lasting service than to make possible the establishment of a system of residential halls on the campus such as was described in the President's Report for 1906-1907 (pp. 14-17).

COLLEGES AND DEPARTMENTS

(1) The Graduate Department. In an earlier section mention was made of the proposal to organize this division of the University as a separate School with a Faculty distinct from the University Faculty. This new Faculty would consist of those professors and assistant professors who are actively engaged in the work of the Graduate Department either by giving instruction to graduate students.