hand, the falling off in the number of elementary school teachers noted last year (Report, 1907-1908, pp. 52, lxxx), has been more than made good, and the number of those engaged in the work of superintendence or supervision shows a gratifying increase.

Changes and enlargements in the courses offered by the various departments are mentioned in the report of the Director (pp. cviii-cxi). The earnest, devoted spirit of the Faculty, the department conferences, the excursions and field work, the general lectures, musical recitals, Saturday evening dances in Sibley, and the Sunday evening religious services on the Library slope, all combine, under the able administration of the Director, to make the work of the Summer Session enjoyable, profitable, and elevating. Director Bristol has good ground for his belief that "the session of 1909 marks a steady advance in one of the useful educational activities of the University.'

(11) The Military Department. The condition and needs of the military department were fully described in last year's Report. Captain Phillips, the new Commandant, has ably and successfully maintained the reputation of the department.

The Act establishing Cornell University (Laws of New York, 1865, Chapter 585) provides that "the leading object of the corporation hereby created shall be to teach such branches of learning as are related to agriculture and the mechanic arts, including military tactics; in order to promote the liberal and practical education of the industrial classes in the several pursuits and professions in life." This part of the law of the State is taken literally from the Act of Congress donating public lands to the several states for the so-called Land Grant Colleges. The State of New York accepted the gift subject to the conditions laid down by Congress. Among these conditions is provision for military

tactics. The War Department lays down two years of prescribed drill as essential to the fulfillment of this condition. For the last few years Cornell University has not required drill from both freshmen and sophomores, as it formerly did, because the Armory was no longer large enough to contain even the freshman classes. The War Department calls attention to this deficiency. The following extracts are from the report made by Captain Julius A. Penn, of the General Staff, to the War Department, a copy of which has been forwarded to the University:

"Two facts stand out prominently:

I. The College does not comply with the requirements of G. O. 155, W. D., as to the time allowed the Military Department, though this minimum was fixed by the presidents of the governmentaided institutions. Three hours a week for one year is but half of the minimum requirement. The 75 electives while speaking well for the military department does not bring the total to the minimum of three hours a week for two years.

2. The percentage of students receiving military instruction compared with the total number of male students at the University, is lamentably small. Almost one-half of the freshman class is excused for one cause or another. If we allow that the same number of freshmen have been instructed in past years, then scarcely more than fifty per cent. of the graduates have had the benefit of even the one year training."

Captain Penn speaks in high praise of the work done by the military department in the University in spite of the conditions by which it is hampered. He recognizes, however, the gravity of the situation and suggests that the State provide an Armory to enable the University to train properly its students in military tactics, so that in time of war they might be qualified to become officers for volunteer troops, which would be called to supplement the National Guard of the State. It may be added that the State, having accepted from the United States the grant of Federal lands for the college of agriculture and mechanic arts under the proviso that instruction in military tactics should always be maintained therein, would seem to be under a special obligation

to provide the necessary Armory for the fulfillment of this obligation.. This is naturally not a phase of the question which could be discussed by Captain Penn, whose report to the War Department concludes as follows:

"The tone and traditions of the University are of the highest order. The results of the brief training given are most gratifying considering the lack of the ordinary facilities for proper instruction. The original limitation of instruction to the Freshman Class was due to the absence of proper armory facilities to accommodate two classes. The present armory is inadequate in size to accommodate even the freshman class if it were not for the large excused list. This institution has been fortunate in having had a number of very able and efficientdetailed officers. It is only by a continuance for a considerable number of years of correct methods that the present firm foundation for military efficiency in the cadet regiment has been laid and maintained.

"The main object of the military instruction given at the schools and colleges is to qualify the students to be company officers of Infantry Volunteer and Militia. A war with a first class power would necessitate a call for at least 300,000 Volunteers in addition to the Regular Army and Organized Militia. It would appear that no higher duty could rest on the state than to see that it had among the younger men of the state enough trained men to properly officer such a force as it might be called upon to furnish. With properly trained officers, the citizen volunteer is not called upon to swell the death roll of camps and has in front of him only the soldier's chance in actual battle. No better recruiting ground for the officers of the Organized Militia can be found than among the graduates of the Universities which have the facilities for and devote the proper time, even the minimum of three hours a week for two years, to the military instruction. I am assured that with proper facilities this institution will require two years of military work. Cornell University is a quasi-state institution and becoming more closely allied with the state. It is not too much to expect that a state which has provided in such a handsome manner for its citizen soldiers by building many fine armories costing in the aggregate many millions of dollars will, when the matter is brought to the attention of its legislature, make such provision for an adequate armory here, as will put new life in the military instruction, and will enable the college to carry out in more befitting manner its patriotic endeavor to qualify its students to be the best of the company officers needed for the future volunteer troops of this great state.

"Even though the minimum requirements of G. O. 155, W. D., 1907, are not complied with at this institution, I consider the instruction given to be of value, and recommend a continuance of the detail of an Army officer as Military Instructor here, in the hope that within a few years they may secure adequate facilities and revert again to a two-years course of military instruction."

THE LIBRARY.

The University Library now numbers nearly 370,000 (369,051) volumes and 55,000 pamphlets. Of this number nearly 320,000 (318,301) and all the pamphlets are in the general library, 40,000 (39,838) in the law library, the remaining 11,000 (10,912) being divided among the Flower veterinary library, Barnes reference library, forestry library, Goldwin Smith Hall library, Stimson Hall medical library, and the Agricultural College library. Aside from these special libraries volumes from the general library are from time to time deposited in the various laboratory and department collections in other university buildings, the total number so in use at the time of the Librarian's report being 17,335.

Accessions to the library during the year numbered over 15,000 (15,413) volumes and 2,000 pamphlets. The most important purchase was the collection of works on economic entomology, numbering 787 volumes, made by the late Professor Slingerland and purchased for the library of the College of Agriculture, which is now being formed by purchases from the College funds. Of the total accessions to the University Library not quite one-third (4,924 volumes) were gifts. The most important of these, as well as of the purchases of the year made from the Sage endowment fund, are noted in the report of the Librarian (Appendix XV). Special mention should be made of 798 volumes given by Theodore Stanton, '76, which nearly completes his gift of a full set of the Tauchnitz collection of British and American authors, comprising over 4,000 volumes.

The total recorded use of the general library during the year, excluding all special libraries, was 107,839 volumes. Compared with the total recorded use of the previous year, 109,625 volumes, this shows a slight falling off, but not as

great as might have been expected in view of the facts that this was the first complete year in which the special library in Goldwin Smith Hall has been open and that such large addition was made to the library of the College of AgriculThe open shelf circulating library continues to justify its establishment and is used largely by students in technical

courses.

THE INFIRMARY.

The chairman of the Infirmary Committee reports as follows:

"The Infirmary has had an uneventful, and I believe a successful year. It has been an interesting one, as being the first under the operation of the policy of collecting an Infirmary fee of all students, and in consideration therefor of making no charge for two weeks' regular service, either in the Infirmary or in the Ithaca City Hospital. As was expected, the attendance increased, the total days' service exceeding that of the previous year by about 25%, at an increase in cost of a little over 10%. We feel, however, that the Infirmary has better filled its mission to the student body, and that every sick student should be urged to avail himself of its service. I cannot find that the privilege has been abused by students seeking admission when not ill.

"When the Infirmary was opened in the fall of 1898, it was equipped to comfortably accommodate fourteen patients. The total registration at Ithaca for the year 1898-1899 was 1823. Since that time the total number of beds has been increased to twenty-eight, with two additional for emergencies, and occasionally during the past session all of these beds were occupied, and it was necessary to send several students suffering with other than contagious diseases to the City Hospital. The total registration here has increased to about 3800, with the addition during the winter of 364 Short-Course Agricultural students. That this increase has resulted in an overcrowding of the present building is self-evident, and the Board of Trustees has authorized this committee to consult an architect, and prepare plans for an addition to the present building. The architect of the original building, Mr. William H. Miller, the Superintendent, and the individual members of the Infirmary Committee, have been in consultation and are studying the details of the additional facilities needed preparatory to making definite plans."

As will be seen by reference to the Report of the Treasurer (see Schedule xvi, p. 69) the year's income from the Sage endowment fund was $4,930.00, while the expenditures amounted to $13,720.89. The difference was more than