leges there would gradually grow up in America a large number of people whose artistic sense would be developed so that in a subsequent generation there would be an inherited taste for art and a new capacity for enjoyment. **** Drawing is as necessary, I was going to say, for all the purposes of life as language. As a matter of fact, drawing is a better mode of expression than language.' In an address delivered a short time ago in Washington, President Butler of Columbia said:

"That man to whom art is a luxury is uncivilized. That man to whom art is a necessity is civilized."

That the fine arts will at an early day receive prominent recognition in the curricula of all colleges and universities making any pretensions to liberal culture is inevitable under the present forward movement in America, and Cornell should lead rather than follow.

Respectfully submitted,

CLARENCE A. MARTIN,

Director of the College of Architecture.

APPENDIX X

REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE COLLEGE OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

To the President of the University:

SIR-I have the honor to submit the following report for the College of Civil Engineering for the year 1908-09.

The registration for the year, as shown by the class roll-calls has been as follows, classifying according to subjects taken rather than by official standing as in the Register:

This list includes 46 graduates in the undergraduate courses.

Of the new students, 7 entered the freshman, 20 the sophomore,

12 the junior, and 7 the senior class.

This shows a healthy growth from last year, the registration then being 533 for the first and 479 for the second term, or an increase of 50 and 44 respectively.

Instruction has also been given to students from other Colleges as

For the purpose of making a more even distribution of the work of the College there was created at the beginning of the year a Department of Topographic and Geodetic Engineering, in which were placed all surveying courses. This change was made necessary by the unprecedented growth of the College, the number of students in attendance having increased from 252 in 1902-03, to 511 in 1907-08. Previous to this change Professor Crandall had had in his charge all the courses in Railroad Engineering, those in Geodesy and Astronomy, the Surveying courses, and Specifications and Contracts, certainly an overburden if one carefully considers the amount of work involved in each of these subjects. The change has left Professor Crandall free to devote all of his time to the Department of Railway Engineering and the subject of Specifications and Contracts. The importance of this to our students cannot be overestimated to say nothing of relieving Professor Crandall of a part of his burden. It now furnishes opportunity for every student pursuing these subjects to have the benefit of his knowledge and long experience in these fields which have made him a leading authority in questions of transportation and contracts.

Professor David Molitor was appointed to take charge of the Department of Topographic and Geodetic Engineering. He comes to the College after having spent twenty-two years in the practice of the profession of Civil Engineering, during which he has had a varied experience, devoting considerable of his time to the practice of surveying.

There was also appointed to this Department, Assistant Professor S. L. Boothroyd, who has had a valuable field experience in surveying and practical astronomy and in teaching these subjects.

Assistant Professor O. M. Leland who has been with the College for several years engaged in teaching the subjects of Geodesy, Astronomy, and Cartography naturally fell to this Department. He and the gentlemen just named form a strong permanent organization for the conduct of the work of Surveying in all its branches.

To give a clear conception of the work they will have in hand it may be well to state the courses given during the present school year. The first semester the entire freshman class, numbering 174, were given their Elementary Surveying, a course of three hours per week. The entire senior class, numbering 130, had Geodesy and Astronomy, a course of five hours per week. The second semester the entire sophomore class, numbering 124, were given a three-hour course in higher Surveying. The entire senior class, numbering 128 students, were given a two-hour course in Cartography, and in addition 114 Sibley students were given a special two-hour course in Surveying for Mechanical Engineers, making a total of 670 students in this Department within the year.

The Department of Applied Mechanics and Hydraulics under Professor Church was materially strengthened by the appointment of the following Assistant Professors to this Department: Messrs. E. W. Rettger, C. L. Walker, K. B. Turner, and S. G. George. Each of these gentlemen has had valuable experience in teaching these subjects and the Department has been materially strengthened by their addition. The result will be greater efficiency in the teaching given in Mechanics and Hydraulics, besides giving to Professor Church the assistance he has long needed.

The changes in other departments during the year were minor. In regard to the needs of the College, I feel it my duty to emphasize my views given in my report of last year, p. lxxii, that we should put forth every effort to strengthen our course in Sanitary Engineering even though much has been accomplished within the year. It must of necessity be one of the large and important engineering fields of the future. We should also aim to strengthen our work in practical Hydraulics, Hydraulic Construction, and HydroElectric developments.

I feel further, that I cannot urge too strongly the enlargement of Lincoln Hall. During the year the building has been greatly overcrowded, handicapping in numerous instances the progress of the work of the College. We should have much more laboratory space, a larger library and reading room, a greater number of recitation

rooms, and especially a lecture room that would seat about two hundred students or one entire class.

Respectfully submitted,

E. E. HASKELL,

Director of the College of Civil Engineering.

APPENDIX XI

REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE SIBLEY COLLEGE OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND MECHANIC ARTS

To the President of Cornell University:

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report of the work of Sibley College during the year 1908-9.

A period of five years under the present administration in Sibley College is just completed. During this time the Faculty has been striving to improve the work of the College so as to keep pace with the advances in engineering practice and engineering teaching. The entrance requirements have been raised and a more logical arrangement of subjects has been made. There has been a gradual betterment of the quality of instruction through the introduction of improved methods and the increase in the number and strength of the Faculty. Much careful thought and effort have been given to raising the grade of scholarship of the students in Sibley College. The introduction of the Class Adviser system has given more personal supervision of the students' work and this, together with the system of recording attendance, introduced last year, and the work of the Delinquency Committee, has resulted in more systematic and concentrated effort on the part of the students. A constant effort has been made to interest the students of Mechanical Engineering in subjects outside their technical course and the introduction of the optional five-year course, including one year of work in Arts, now makes it possible for students to obtain a broader training together with their technical work.

The work in experimental electrical engineering was taken over into Sibley College four years ago and the present Electrical Laboratory is the result of the growth of these four years. This course now supplements the excellent training received by engineering students

in the Department of Physics, with the more specialized work in the applications of electricity to engineering problems. This laboratory is now full grown and only needs more adequate housing and such additions to material equipment as are necessary to keep abreast with the profession. This laboratory, which has been, since its organization, connected with the Department of Experimental Engineering, is now transferred to the Department of Electrical Engineering.

The appointment of Prof. H. H. Norris as Head of the Department of Electrical Engineering insures efficient and progressive work throughout the Department.

In the Machine Shop there have been five years of steady progress in the elimination of machines that do not represent present practice and the substitution of machines of the most modern design. This change is one that will go on continuously in the future but at a slower rate since the more rapid recent changes have brought the equipment up to present standard.

The Wood-working Shop has been provided with a complete outfit of new wood-turning lathes and work-benches, all of which have been constructed in Sibley College. If this equipment had been bought in the market, the cost would have exceeded three thousand dollars, whereas the actual cost was for material only, and did not exceed four hundred dollars.

In the Foundry a trolley system has been introduced for the handling of molds and the transfer of materials. The molding machines mentioned in last year's report have been in successful operation and other devices for the production of complicated castings in large numbers at low cost have been introduced. It is now proposed to place an order for another molding machine which represents the latest development in the art.

The main object in the development of the shop work has been to provide for the teaching of the principles underlying economic manufacturing, since an understanding of these principles is vital to a student who is to become a practicing engineer. In connection with this work the shops have undertaken a certain amount of commercial work for outside firms, to help in illustration.

In the Department of Machine Design there has been steady development until now there is a logical arrangement in the work of drawing and design and very great excellence in the work of instruction throughout the course.