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47. als der Sohn, than the son; als is the conj. as, which is employed after a compound, for "than." Tugend ist besser als Reichthum, virtue is better than riches.

48. So waren seine Worte, so were, such were his words. Wort is one of those nouns which have two plurals, one Worte, and the other with the diphthong, Wörter. The former is collective, and means spoken, or connected words, the component parts of a speech, (verba," des paroles”) the latter (wörter) individual, unconnected words, (vocabula, "des môts.") A Dictionary in German is ein Wörterbuch, neut.

49. allein, conj. but, is the same as aber; but it is also an adj. "alone."

50. an welchem Orte, at what place, in what place; an, like in, gov. both the dat. and acc. Here it is construed with the dative, because there is no locomotion. welchem, dat. masc. sing. of the pron. rel. welcher, welche, welches, which, to agree with Ort, mas. der Ort, des Ortes, dem Orte, in the pl. Orte, and Oerter, with the diphthong, like Wort.

51. Wo find ich ihn? where find I him? because it refers to Schatz, m. where shall I find it? The Germans often employ the present instead of the future. Wo, inter. adv. of place, "where ;" ich finde, I find; from the irr. finden, to find; ich fand, I found; ich habe gefunden, I have found.

52. er schickt nach Leuten aus, he sends out after people ; ausschicken, a sep. comp. verb, which throws the particle behind in simple tenses, is derived from the reg. schicken, to send. nach, prep. after; sometimes it means towards. Ich gehe nach Hause, I am going home. It governs the dative. Leuten is the dat. of Leute, people; used only in the plural, like the French gens: ce sont de bonnes gens. "Es sind gute Leute," they are good people.

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53. Die Schätze sollen graben können. This is the most difficult line in the Fable. Die is here pron. rel. who; Schätze, pl. treasures; sollen, which generally means 66 ought, are to, shall," here means are reported to." Die Griechen sollen die Türken geschlagen haben, the Greeks are reported to have beat the Turks: but it always means a vague report, which demands confirmation. graben, to dig, is irr.; ich grub, I digged; Ich habbe gegraben, İ

have dug. Können, aux. verb, to be able. Ich kann nicht, I'cannot. Können Sie? can you? Both Sollen and Können must be learnt in the Grammar. They occur as frequently as the English shall and can.

54. durchbricht, breaks through, from the insep. comp. verb, durchbrichen, derived from the irregular brechen, to break; ich brach, ich habe geborchen. Durch is sometimes separable, and sometimes inseparable. It generally is inseparable when it has the power of a preposition, and the verb is an active one, as here. But we should say separably, der Flusz bricht überall durch, the river breaks through every where; and inseparably, die Sonne durchbricht die Wolken, the sun breaks through the clouds.

55. der Scheuren harte Tennen, the barn's hard floors, the hard floors of barns.

56. durchgräbt den Garten und das Haus, digs through; the same as durchbricht.

57. und gräbt doch keinen Schatz heraus, and yet digs no treasure out. Herausgraben is a separable compound verb, which follows the same rule as anfangen, sec. 6.

be

58. nach viel vergeblichem Bemühn, after much fruitless trouble. viel, much, is indeclinable here, but it may used as an adjective, and declined. vergeblichem, dat. neut. of the adjective, because it is used without the article, and agrees with das Bemühn, the trouble. vergeblich means both venial, pardonable, and fruitless, ineffectual.

59. heiszt er, he bids, from the irr. heissen, which, as an active verb, is to bid, to order; as a neuter, to be called. Wie heissen Sie? what is your name? how are you called? Heissen makes ich hiesz, ich habe geheissen.

60. die Fremden, the strangers, from the adjective, fremd, strange, foreign, which used substantively, makes ein Fremder, a stranger, and der Fremde, the stranger, because in the latter the article shews the gender.

61. wieder ziehn, to move again, to remove. Ziehen is irregular; ich ziehe, ich zog, ich habe gezogen. einziehen, to move into a house; ausziehen, to remove, to move out of it.

62. sucht selber in dem Hause nach, searches in the house himself; from the regular separable compound verb nachsuchen, derived from the regular suchen, to search, to seek.

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63. durchsucht, like durchbricht and durchgräbt.

64. des Vaters Schlafgemach, the father's bed-room. In common life, das Schlafzimmer, die Schlafkammer, or die Schlafstube. The word Gemach, neuter, is of the higher styles of writing. We commonly say Schlafgemach only of the bed-rooms of persons of high distinction. Das heimliche Gemach, the secret chamber, is a refined expression for a water-closet.

65. und findt, and finds; findet, from finden.

66. mit leichter Müh, with light trouble, with little trouble. mit, with, preposition, always governs the dative; mit mir, with me; mit ihnen, with you. Leichter, dat. fem. of the adjective leicht, because Müh is fem.; commonly die Mühe. Geben sie sich nicht die Mühe, do not give yourself that trouble.

67. wie grosz, how great. wie, adv. of inter. how; sometimes it is the conjunction as. Er ist so grosz wie ich, he is as tall as I am. Wie befinden sie sich? how do you find yourself? how do you do?

68. war sein Vergnügen, was his pleasure; das Vergnügen, the pleasure; Ich hoffe ich werde das Vergnügen haben sie morgen hier zu sehen, I hope I shall have the pleasure of seeing you here to-morrow.

69. ihn unter einer Diele liegen, him (it) under a deal lie, it lying under a deal. unter, prep. under, governs both the dative and accusative. die Diele, the deal, the board, the plank; legen, the infin. instead of the part. act. in English.

70. The following was written by C. F. Weisse, who died at Leipzig in 1804:

DER VORWITZ DAS KÜNFTIGE ZU WISSEN.

Gütig hüllt in Finsternissen,

Gott die Zukunft ein;

Deutlich sie voraus zu wissen,

Würde Strafe seyn.

Säh ich Glück auf meinem Wege,

Würd'ich stolz mich blähn;
Und leichtsinnig oder träge,
Meinen Zweck versehn.

Säh'ich Unglück würd'ich zittern
Und die künftge Zeit

Würde mir das Glück verbittern
Das mich jetzt erfreut.

Was ich habe will ich nützen,
Fernen Gram nicht scheun;
Und soll ich ein Glück besitzen
Meines Glücks mich freun.

PRYING INTO FUTURITY.

Kindly does the Deity envelop the future in darkness; to know it distinctly beforehand would be a punishment. Should I see good fortune on my path, I should proudly be puffed up, and from levity or indolence miss my aim. If I saw misfortune, I should tremble, and the future would imbitter the happiness which at present gladdens me. I will enjoy what I have, without fearing any distant harm, and if I am to be fortunate, I will rejoice in my good fortune.

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71. Der Vorwitz das Künftige zu wissen, the indiscreet curiosity the future to know, to know the future. The German infinitive is always preceded by its government. Die Sprache zu lernen ist nicht schwer, aber sie richtig zu sprechen ist etwas schwerer, to learn the language is not difficult, but to speak the language correctly is a little more difficult. The Germans have four words for curiosity. When it is a laudable curiosity, directed to the acquisition of knowledge, it is die Wiszbegierde, (the desire of knowing) from wissen, to know, "savoir," and die Begierde, the desire: when it is a rational wish to be informed of the events passing around us, it is die Neubegierde, (the desire of news) from new, new," (pronounce noi, almost like oi in the English moist): when it is an indiscreet inquisitiveness in matters that do not concern us at all, and proceeding from base passions, like envy, jealousy, calumny, and others, it is die Neugier, (the greediness of news): and lastly, when it pries into futurity, it is der Vorwitz, (foreknowledge). The four words will give you some idea of the creative power of the language in making compound words, which are immediately known by intuition. Its inexhaustible treasures must not frighten you; they are readily stored in the memory, being mostly derived from primitive words or particles in constant use; as here, Begierde, desire; gierig, greedy; neu, new; wissen, to

know. Remember these well, and you will know a thousand others by their means. Das Künftige, the future; the adjective künftig, future, what is to come, is used here in the nominative, as an abstract substantive. It is also used adverbially, like most German adjectives: Ich werde künftig fleissiger seyn, I shall in future more diligently be, I shall be more diligent in future. The substantive is die Zukunft, futurity. You have it in the second line.

72. Gütig hüllt in Finsternissen Gott die Zukunft ein, kindly envelops in darkness God futurity. God kindly en velops futurity in darkness. Gütig, adj. kind, adv. kindly, stands nearly in the same relation to gut, good, as the English kind. It never means without imperfection, but always inclined to benevolence: Sie sind sehr gütig, you are very kind. Hüllt ein, from the separable regular compound verb, einhüllen, to envelop, made of hüllen, to wrap, to cover, and the particle ein, in, into; to wrap in. So we say, einsingen, to sing to sleep; einfallen, to fall in; einsenken, to sink in, act.; einschneiden, to cut into, like the Latin "incidere." The substantive die Hülle, a wrapper, a hull, a husk, a covering. Die Finsterniz, pl. isse, darkness, obscurity, eclipse. Hence we say, eine Mondfinsternisz, ein Sonnenfinsternisz, an eclipse of the moon, of the sun. The words in isz are mostly feminine, though there are several neuter, as das Gedächtnisz, the memory; das Begräbnisz, the funeral. Befugnisz, which Mr. Row botham makes neuter, is most generally feminine. We say, ich habe keine Befugnisz dazu, I have no right, no claim to it. Gott, masc. God, es, e, pl. Götter, gods.

73. Deutlich sie voraus zu wissen, distinctly it (her, fem. because it refers to Zukunft, fem.) beforehand to know, to know it distinctly beforehand. Deutlich, adj. and adv. distinct, plain eine deuliche Aussprache, a distinct arti

culation.

74. würde Strafe seyn, would punishment be, would be a punishment. Die Strafe, fem.; hence strafen, reg. verb active, to punish.

75. Säh ich Gluck auf meinem Wege, saw I luck upon my way; should I see, or if I saw, good fortune on my road. The Germans are at liberty to express a condition in any verb, by throwing the nominative behind, as is done in English, with "had I a fortune, were I a rich man,"

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