3. Der weiße Hirsch 21 es: omit; es is used here in a merely introductory sense, serving to bring the verb before the real (or logical) subject, and is not to be translated when so used. — wohl: the adverbial particles wohl, doch, ja, nur, schon, etc. are freely used in German to express many shades of meaning indicated in English largely by the tone of voice. They are often, especially in poetry, difficult to translate, and may sometimes be omitted. - 2 den weißen Hirsch: white deer are very rare. 9 mit der Hunde Geklaff: in German a limiting genitive generally follows the noun. A personal (subjective) genitive will often precede, thus displacing the article. But the latter usage is widely extended in poetry to genitives not personal. — 10 da . . . Fell: "I took a shot at him " or "fired at him."-da: this word is often, as here, used merely to pad out the line and may be omitted. - 16 und ... gesehn: "and before the hunters could get a good look at him ... " Supply hatten at the end of the sentence. This omission of the auxiliary is common in subordinate clauses. — 17 Tiefen und Höhn: "valleys and mountains." 4. Einkehr -2 19 wunder A wanderer's song, showing great love of nature. mild: an adjective following the noun it qualifies is undeclined. In prose wundermild would have preceded Wirt.—20 da: see note to 2 10. — 21 ein ... Schild; it has long been customary in some countries to name inns after their signs, which are set or hung out in front. Thus an inn with "a golden apple” as a sign might be designated as "the inn at the sign of the Golden Apple." -3 2 eingekehret: for the spelling see note to 1 1.4 hat genähret: German often uses the present perfect tense where English uses the past tense, and.vice versa. - 6 viel: uninflected singular form used as plural. — 8 auf das beste: "their very best"; adverbial superlative.-9 zu: "for.”—11 er: omit. 14 den: see note to 1 13. 5. (1) Wandrers Nachtlied 3 17 der du: " thou who" refers to süßer Friede; in the first or second person the personal pronoun must be repeated after the relative, otherwise the verb would be in the third person. — 19 den: object of füllest. (2) Ein Gleiches Ein Gleiches: literally, "A Similar One." Both poems have been beautifully translated by Longfellow as follows: Thou that from the heavens art, Come, ah, come into my breast! O'er all the bill-tops Is quiet now, Hearest thou Hardly a breath; The birds are asleep in the trees: Thou too shalt rest. 48 ruhest du: see note to 1 15. 6. Der König in Thule Sung in praise of undying love by Margaret in "Faust." — 4 9 Thule: in fable the most northern part of Europe or an island at the end of the world; here used merely for some vaguely remote place. - 10 gar: the archaic flavor of the word might be rendered by "right.". 11 sterbend: modifies Buhle. —13 es ... darüber: "nothing was dearer to him."—53 Zecher: literally "carouser or "tippler"; but it is not used here in any such narrow and derogatory sense of the word, but meaning a man who has enjoyed life to its fullest possible extent, who has drunk deep drafts of its various enjoyments (a reference perhaps to Goethe's own life).-4 trank lehte Lebensglut: i.e. he drank the last which life had to offer, but this last, too, was enjoyment, "glowing"; hence, Lebensglut. — die . . sinken: "his eyes closed forever." Like "do" in English, but not with the same value, tun is used in colloquial German as an auxiliary; and when so used the past tense form is tät instead of tat, the regular form. or 7. Die Grenadiere Written when Heine was only sixteen years old. The poem expresses Heine's admiration for Napoleon, for Heine was a Jew and Napoleon had earned the enthusiastic gratitude of the Jews by giving them equal rights with other Germans. It also shows the unbounded love and devotion of Napoleon's soldiers for him. The "Grand Army" was almost totally destroyed in the fatal campaign against Russia in 1812. The student should read a good short account of the life and work of Napoleon. — 5 12 waren gefangen: supply worden; if gewesen were supplied, gefangen would be used as a predicate adjective. 13 und . . . Quartier: "and when they entered German territory" crossed the German frontier."— 14 fie. . . hangen: i.e. from physical weakness, or, more probably, in despondency at hearing the news mentioned in the next line. - 16 verloren gegangen: supply sei; see note to 2 16.-17 große: "Grand.". - 18 der Kaiser: i.e. Napoleon. In 1814 he was sent to the island of Elba as a prisoner. — 19, 20 weinten wohl: "did weep."-21 wie weh wird mir: "how miserable I feel." This idea is closely connected with that in 6 10.- 6 1 das Lied ist aus: "the jig is up." 4 verderben: see note to 1 15.— 5 was schert mich: "what do I care for," etc. — 6 ich . . . Verlangen: "I long for something far better than that." - 7 betteln gehn: "go begging"; with many German verbs the infinitive is used where English has the present participle. - 16 und . . . Degen: poetical word-order; um is part of the verb, not a preposition. — 19 bis ... höre: from here to the end of the poem notice the frequent recurrence of the principle mentioned in the note to 115.—20 wiehernder Rosse Getrabe: "the trot of neighing horses"; see note to 2 9. — 22 viel; see note to 3 6. 8. Barbarossa Frederick I (surnamed Barbarossa, "Redbeard," by the Italians), 1123-1190, was the greatest of the Hohenstaufen line of emperors, and under his wise rule Germany flourished. He was drowned in Asia Minor during the third crusade in 1190. His son Frederick II, who succeeded him, soon followed him to the grave. After 1254, when the empire escaped from the Hohenstaufen line, there was no real emperor or recognized head of the empire for twenty years. These were dark days for Germany, and often did the people think of the great Barbarossa and would not believe him dead. They told of him in story and poem as only sleeping, and said that some day he would awaken at the right time and restore to Germany her former political splendor. — 7 4 hält er verzaubert sich: "he dwells enchanted." 5 ist gestorben: the auxiliary sein is used in conjugating verbs denoting motion to or from a place, or change of condition; also with a few other verbs. For the tense see note to 3 4. 7 verborgen: is used here as an adjective modifying er. -12 zu seiner Zeit: at the right time." — 14 darauf = worauf. — 17 vom Flachse: "flaxen-color" or "white"; since German beards are traditionally flaxen, as here intimated, the statement that Barbarossa's was red is significant, for it gives a touch of suggestion of a fiery, impetuous nature and shows that he is no milksop. 22 sein Auge zwinkt: "his eyelids quiver." Literally what? (The student is advised to look up in the vocabulary the literal meanings of all the words that occur in the text, whether they are given in the notes or not. Sometimes alternative translations will be found in the vocabulary.) — 23 je nach langem Raume : je here means "every"; hence, "every once in a long while " or at long intervals." — 83 die Raben: here symbolical of the dissension, confusion, lawlessness, etc. still reigning in the empire. The raven is used a good deal in such connections (prophecy, misfortune, etc.) in German myths. Possibly they may also be meant to symbolize the black-coated Catholic clergy as an influence supposed to retard the restoration of Germany's political grandeur. -8 hundert Jahr: hundred years"; nouns of quantity, weight, or measure, except feminine nouns in e, are used in the singular after a numeral. 9. Das Mädchen aus der Fremde a 8 10 mit... Jahr: "in the spring of every year. 11 schwirrten: an imitative word; translate, "began their strains" (Bowring) or "began to fly." — 12 ein Mädchen: i.e. spring; might it not also refer to poetry? - 22 auf . . . Flur: "in a warmer summer climate." Literally what? -92 dem, jenem: demonstrative pronouns; "to the one," "to the other."-6 doch nahte sich: "but when..." or " but if "The inverted order in a declarative sentence often shows that wenn has been omitted. — ein liebend Paar: the uninflected adjective is common in the nominative and accusative neuter, especially in poetry. -7 dem: "to them"; demonstrative, hence accented. Pronouns agree in number and gender with their antecedents. · der Gaben befte = die beste der Gaben. See note to 29. Apply the same suggestion in the next line (98). ... 10. Frühlingszeit 99 auf die Berge: "up the mountain-sides.”—steigt: will "climbs" or" is climbing" be the better? Similarly in lines 10, 11, 12, 20, etc. -13 vorbei: note that vorbei carries with it an implicit ist. — 14 mit einem Mal: spaced letters in German correspond to italics in English; in the word ein "one" they indicate the emphasis by which this word differs from ein "a," though this emphasis is usually not strong enough to call for the English use of italics. - 20 heiß: "with strong heat."- leckt am: "is melting," "is gnawing at," "is eating away."— 24, 25 Lüfte . . . würzt die grüne Au: note that the verb is singular number; what is the subject ? — würzt : "lends fragrance to" or "makes fragrant." 11. Belsazar 17 im.. Based on the fifth chapter of Daniel, which might be read first. 10 7 Babylon: the celebrated ancient city on the Euphrates river. It was for centuries the political and commercial center of a great empire. 9 da flackert's: "was a glare of light."—da: see note to 2 10.- 14 es merely introductory; see note to 2 1. -15 so.. recht: "that just suited the obstinate (headstrong) king.” Mut: "from the effects of the wine, a sacrilegious mood took possession of him." - 18 Mut: "desire."-11 1 viel gülden Gerät: see note to 96 (second note, on the omission of the neuter ending). auf dem Haupt: see note to 1 13. - 2 das . . . geraubt (worden): in 586 B.C., as a punishment for having revolted, Jerusalem was taken and sacked. The great temple was stripped of all its sacred vessels of silver and gold, which were carried away to Babylon and the temple itself was given over to the flames. A large part of the people were also carried away into captivity. (Myers.) 6 mit schäumendem Mund: "with foam-covered lips.” — 7 dir ... Hohn: "I laugh and will laugh at thee forever."-9 verklang: the German past tense sometimes corresponds to the English past perfect. Notice the poetic wordorder. — 10 dem. . . bang: "when a mysterious fear seized the king." — 13 und sich: "and behold"; omit the second und, but retain the second sieh. - 14 da: see note to 2 10.- kam's hervor: '3 = es, "something"; the impersonal construction adds sensibly to the vagueness and horror. 20 gab: "spoke,' or "uttered.". - 21 Ma= gier: "Magi"; priests of the Zoroastrian religion, which was not at that time the religion of Babylon, but soon came to be, |