the scenes which he attempts to describe. His diplomatic character made him an adept in all the schemes of tortuous management which have characterized the administration of Turkey in Syria, and his intense Catholic zeal gives his book a raciness of style even while vitiating its conclusions. He hates the Druses and loves the Maronites, excuses the sins of the Christians as blunders, and denounces the errors of the infidels as abominable sins. He holds in especial horror the propagandists of heresy, and treats the English nation and the Protestant missionaries as the worst foes of the Syrian people, and the secret authors of the strife and bloodshed. The remedy for existing evils must come in the interference of the Catholic powers; the Turkish rule must be set aside, and France must occupy the land, to protect the rights of the Christian conscience, which mean with M. Poujade, the claims of the Roman Church.

-

The single instance in this volume in which the Catholic writer allows his sympathy to modify his orthodoxy is in his story of the persecution of the heretic Maronite, Essad Chadiak, who had been won away from the faith of his fathers by the promises of the Protestant missionaries, or more perhaps "by the potent charm of the society of the young ladies belonging to the Protestant mission." Essad used his genius and eloquence to overthrow in the Mountain the ancient Church, - went from village to village, arousing the peasants, attacking the priests "with the most passionate invective and the most bitter sarcasms," and exhausting "the vocabulary of Protestant scurrilities." The thing, of course, could not be allowed to go on. Essad was arrested, imprisoned in the convent of Canobin, tortured, and finally murdered, in spite of the efforts of the missionaries to help him, and the remonstrances of M. Poujade, who protested against this means of saving a soul by destroying a life. In his very narrative, however, of this act of religious tyranny, he takes occasion to draw a parallel between the selfsacrifice, the charity, and the devotion of the Catholic missionaries, and the comparative indolence, luxury, and selfishness of the "Biblist" teachers, faring sumptuously in their comfortable houses, and with their elegant wives and well-clad children. His parallel is not wholly without reason, in spite of the bigotry which suggests it.

THE great problem of American politics is discussed, ably and temperately, in a thick, handsome pamphlet, published in Philadelphia.* The moral conditions of the problem, in its bearing on individuals, we think, are too much kept out of sight. "Race" is treated too much as a pure and absolute fatality, and the capacities of the African, whether as shown in Africa, Hayti, or Jamaica, have been studied with quite too little care to make this a complete or fair treatment of the question. But its outlines are traced with singular vigor, and its bearing on the

The Laws of Race as connected with Slavery. Hazard.

Philadelphia: Willis P.

present perplexities of our system is presented with great eloquence and force. That the races, white and black, can never mingle, save imperfectly at the edges of contact, that the white race is the depository of law, civilization, art, and executive skill, — that an instinct, undefinable and ineradicable, and hence to be accounted divine, appoints to each its place of authority or submission, and its boundaries of climate, which it cannot permanently transgress, that the importation of slaves or the spread of slavery can only hasten the inevitable time when the black will predominate and rule, to the extirpation of the white, in all the hotter parts of our continent, these are the positions argued, with a force of conviction and terse energy of language very rare to find in our political discussions.

UNDER the head of "Classics and Education we have recorded the titles of several publications of Messrs. Cassell & Co., which claim a place of their own a little apart from our well-known manuals. They are prepared by the indefatigable and scholarly hand of Dr. Beard, whose fidelity in so many tasks of literature and criticism is a guaranty for the quality of this. They are in the form of compact and cheap volumes, giving very familiar and direct instruction to a class of learners supposed to be away from schools and learned apparatus; in short, to the intelligent among the laboring people desirous of finding out what learning is. The task is simplified to the last degree, Greek (without accents) and Latin are given in little pocket volumes that include both grammar and reading lessons, with practice enough to make a very respectable beginning. The English manual is a peculiarly felicitous familiar guide to correct speaking and wating. The Latin Dictionary -condensed and portable — promises well, though its type does not quite enough favor the eye. For those who desire such a degree of scholarship as we have implied, these books may be cordially recommended; but not as taking the place of those already known in our classical schools.

WORCESTER'S standard lexicographical series is apparently completed by the publication of the "Elementary" and the "Primary" Dictionaries, lately registered among recent publications. But one gap is left in it, which we should like to see filled in some such form as this:

A volume of about 1500 octavo pages, to contain the most complete attainable vocabulary of the English tongue. It should include (in separate lists or suitably distinguished) the cognate dialects, Scottish, Irish, and Yankee, provincial and slang, - as far as possible, every word one may chance to meet in modern English literature. Our best dictionaries now leave one quite helpless in whole passages of Scott and Dickens, of Miss Bronté and Mrs. Gaskell, to say nothing of Sam Slick and Mrs. Stowe.

Secondly, to make room for this immense vocabulary, most of the etymological matter, and much information properly encyclopedical, must be omitted; and the few regular inflections which our tongue admits (as ness and ly at the end of every adjective) must not be allowed to

swell the list of independent words. The definitions, also, need not explain every figurative or familiar sense that may happen to occur. In this way perhaps half the space and bulk might be saved.

66

In the third place, the type must be as condensed as possible, and absolutely clear to the eye. In the vocabulary, lower-case letters should be used,-full-faced, or Gothic," as in Andrews's Latin Lexicon,— and the subdivisions of meaning should be made clear likewise, as in the work we lately noticed, prepared by Messrs. Crooks and Schem. We think, also, that a great many orthoepical signs could be omitted to advantage.

Some of these suggestions may be found in an admirable article in the Christian Review" of July last. We earnestly hope that the enterprising publishers of this series will give heed to them; and that, in due time, we may have the complete manual lexicon of the English tongue for which we wait.

AFTER a silence of several years, the author of "Lady Alice" and "Alban" has ventured to amuse and amaze the novel-reading world with another of his extraordinary social sketches. The first impression of such a story as "Rosemary" is of the utter incongruity of the work with the clerical profession of its author. How could a clergyman in any Church write these 522 pages, in which there is not a single motive or a single character above the level of selfish worldliness? The tone of the volume is throughout one of refined sensualism. The writer revels in pictures of physical beauty, of dress, and of carnal passions, but has evidently no faith in Christian ideas. He worships wealth, rank, show, cunning, and success. His villains are drawn with such accuracy and vigor, that it is easy for the reader to imagine that his real sympathies rather lie that way. To call such a novel as this religious, is a strange misuse of the language. It is no more religion than Voltaire's Candide or than Gibbon's History. There is rather a scoffing contempt of all morality, and what religion there is, is wholly of the ritual kind, of Lent-keeping and the confessional. The Catholic talk is as separate from the plans and progress of the story, as the pins stuck into an embroidered cushion. It only mars the glitter and finish of the descriptions.

There is plenty of "muscular Christianity," but there is unfortunately no other kind. There is no real rebuke to the vices of pride, avarice, revenge, and lust. Works of this kind, from the pen of a Catholic priest, give us a poor idea of the moral standard of that communion. They virtually teach that ritual may be the substitute for religion, and that kneeling, fasting, and unction may balance any amount of worldliness. As a description of aristocratic life in New York, the book is entertaining, though even here much exaggerated; but its general influence can only be pernicious.

Rosemary, or Life and Death. By J. VINCENT HUNTINGTON, Author of Lady Alice," "The Forest," &c. New York: D. & J. Sadlier. 1860. 12mo. pp. 522.

Revicio

CONVENIENT as it is to have three volumes in one, it is provoking to have in that one volume so many typographical blunders. The books of Messrs. Rudd and Carleton are usually better printed; but in their American edition of "Lavinia"* they have been in too much of a hurry, and the result is a disgraceful number of letters omitted, letters misplaced, and words misspelled. The carelessness of the proof-reader has made strange work, not only of Ruffini's Latin and Italian and French and German, but even of his English. He is made to speak of the "lingua Toscano," to say "dolendam est tibi," to say "gnadiges Fraulien," and the like. It is too bad that such carelessness should mar the general beauty of such fair and ample pages, or spoil the grace of such a style as Ruffini's.

The novel itself is extremely interesting; perhaps with more of pedantry than is necessary, and with too much interlarding of foreign phrases and words to make it agreeable to readers who know no language but English. The narrative flows along easily, and is sufficiently broken by dialogue, diary, and epistle to secure variety, and prevent attention from flagging. The scene shifts frequently, and we are transferred from one place to another, and from one set of characters to another, without unpleasant violence. The author manages to get in all the principal European varieties of temperament, and shows a familiarity with English and French traits, and a justness of observation, quite rare in an Italian. Life in Rome, in London, and in Paris is described with equal accuracy and freshness. He has adopted the convenient expedient of bringing in his last position and his happy ending in the Crimea. Taking care, however, to change the situation from that of "Lucile" and "Sword and Gown." This time it is the "Sister of Charity" who is down with the cholera, and the wounded lover who restores her.

The plot of Lavinia is intricate, without being annoying; and though the general destiny of the hero and heroine, with the principal secondary characters, is fairly foreshadowed, yet the exact way in which justice is to be done, and the fates are to be compelled, is held in abeyance almost to the last. The characters are admirably sustained, - Paolo, the democratic Italian artist, Thornton, his friend and mentor, Du Genre, the French realist, Salvator Rosa and his betrothed, the Spanish Countess and her dogs, the Bishop Rodiparni, the brace of Roman swindlers, the English Mr. Jones and his wife, and, above all, the charming, mercurial, romantic, and worldly Lavinia. There is less of political disquisition and less of bitterness against the Italian aristocracy than we might expect. The unities of time, too, are usually well preserved; but how could Ruffini make Paolo talk in 1847 about the gold of California and Australia? This blunder about California is no less than three times repeated.

Lavinia. A Novel. By G. RUFFINI, Author of "Doctor Antonio," "Dear Experience," "Lorenzo Benoni," &c. Three volumes in one. New York: Rudd and Carleton. 1861. 12mo. pp. 495.

NEW PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

THEOLOGY.

Codex Alexandrinus. Ἡ Καινή Διαθήκη. Novum Testamentum Graece ex antiquissimo Codice Alexandrino a C. G. Woide olim descriptum: ad fidem ipsius Codicis denuo accuratius edidit B. H. Cowper. Londini: Venumdant Williams & Norgate et D. Nutt. 8vo. pp. 504.

Twelve Discourses. By Henry Martyn Dexter. Boston: Fair for the Pine Street Church.

Evenings with the Doctrines. By Nehemiah Adams, D. D. Boston: Gould and Lincoln. 12mo. pp. 415.

Thoughts on Preaching; being Contributions to Homiletics. By James W. Alexander. New York: Charles Scribner. 12mo. pp. 514.

The Character of Jesus, forbidding his possible Classification with Men. By Horace Bushnell. New York: Charles Scribner. 12mo. pp. 173.

Notes on New Testament Literature and Ecclesiastical History. By Joseph Addison Alexander, D. D. New York: Charles Scribner. 12mo. pp. 319. Human Destiny; a Critique on Universalism. By C. F. Hudson. Boston: James Munroe & Co. 12mo. pp. 147.

Lessons on the Liturgy of the Protestant Episcopal Church in America. Boston: E. P. Dutton & Co. 18mo. pp. 298.

The Gospel according to Matthew, explained by Joseph Addison Alexander. 12mo. pp. 456.- Christian Nurture. By Horace Bushnell.. 12mo. pp. 407.- New York: Charles Scribner.

The Early Christian Anticipation of an Approaching End of the World, and its Bearing upon the Character of Christianity as a Divine Revelation. (5th Baillie Prize Essay.) By Sara S. Hennell. London: George Manwaring. 12mo. pp. 118.

A Text-Book of the History of Doctrines. By Dr. K. R. Hagenbach. The Edinburgh Translation revised, with Additions. By Henry B. Smith. New York: Sheldon & Co. Vol. I. 8vo. pp. 478.

HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY.

The Life of Trust; being a Narrative of the Lord's Dealings with George Müller, written by himself. Edited and condensed by Rev. H. Lincoln Wayland. With an Introduction by Francis Wayland. Boston: Gould and Lincoln. 12mo. pp. 476. (Reviewed in July, 1859.)

Personal History of Lord Bacon. By William Hepworth Dixon. Boston: Ticknor and Fields. 12mo. pp. 424. (See p. 314.)

The Life and Times of Philip Schuyler. By Benson J. Lossing. New York: Mason Brothers. 12mo. pp. 504.

Autobiography of the Rev. Dr. Alexander Carlyle, Minister of Inveresk, containing Memorials of the Men and Events of his Time. Boston: Ticknor and Fields. 12mo. pp. 471.

The History of England from the Invasion of Julius Cæsar to the Abdication of James the Second, 1688. By David Hume, Esq. A New Edition, with the Author's last Corrections and Improvements; to which is prefixed a Short Account of his Life, written by himself. (12mo. 6 vols.). The History of England from the Accession of James II. By Thomas Babington Macaulay. (12mo. 4 vols.).—The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. By Edward Gibbon, Esq. With Notes by the Rev. H. H. Milman. A new Edition, to which is added a complete Index of the whole Work. (12mo. 6 vols.). Boston: Crosby, Nichols, Lee, & Co. History of the United Netherlands, from the Death of William the Silent to the Synod of Dort; with a full View of the English and Dutch Struggle against Spain, and of the Origin and Destruction of the Spanish Armada.