God made man like to Himself. Thus was Jesus Christ the Original, Archetypal Man. From Himself He modeled mankind: He the Form, mankind the figure. Ah, this it is which constitutes the true dignity of Human Nature grand in its origin, grand in its destiny: grand in its origin, because modeled after Christ's own Image: still grander in its destiny, because appointed to share in the ineffable Glory awarded to Jesus as an incarnate sufferer and victor (Phil. ii. 5–11). The Son of God made man after the model, not of an angel, but of Himself; the saint, therefore, renewed in the Image of Him Who created him (Col. iii. 10), shall yet be exalted above angel and archangel, cherub and seraph. Know ye not that we

shall judge angels? (1 Cor. vi. 3).'

Definition of Arche

typc.

Now these primal, essential, invariable, unseen Forms are what I mean by Archetypes. The term itself, it is hardly necessary to state, is a compound word: ȧpxý, beginning, and TÚTOS, stamp. An archetype, then, is the prototype, the original fundamental Form, the precedent, essential Idea. As such it does not have an objective, concrete existence in the world of matter. It is only the original pattern, the preëxistent idea, as we suppose it to lie in the Divine Mind. Archetypes are, so to speak, the Creator's Thoughts before they are materialized into or represented in things: they are the typal font of God's Ideas impressed on the visible page of creation. The material, objective universe is a myriadfold illustration of a few Archetypal Plans or Ideas in the Mind of the Creator.

1 For instructive comments on the Scriptural distinction between μορφή and σχῆμα, Form and Figure, see Trench's "New Testament Synonyms," Section lxx.; Lightfoot's "Notes on the Epistle to the Philippians," pp. 125-131; and Cremer's "Biblico-Theological Lexicon of New Testament Greek," p. 438.

"What time this world's great Workmaister did cast,
To make all things such as we now behold,
It seems that He before His eyes had plast
A goodly patterne, to whose perfect mould
He fashioned them as comely as He could,
That now so fair and seemly they appear,
As naught may be amended anywhere.
That wondrous patterne, wheresoe'er it be,
Whether in earth, laid up in secret store,
Or else in heaven, that no man may it see
With sinful eyes, for fear it to deflore,
Is perfect beauty."-(SPENSER.)

To restate the Archetypal Doctrine, then, is briefly this: All natural structures are visible figurations, more or less exact, from ideal Forms.

Illustrations of Archetypal Forms.

And now let us glance at some illustrations of the Doctrine illustrations which, I trust, will also serve as confirmations. The field is universe-wide: of course I must content myself with selections.

From Motion.

We take our first illustration from the world of Motion. The modern

theory of atomic motion is built upon the Idea of an Archetypal Energy, which energy itself is, in the present stage of Science, conceived as motion. In other words: the originating, initial Force, whatever that unknown thing be, takes on in action different aspects, guises, modes, figures. E. g., in a lump of coal, which itself, we are told, is but a mass of "condensed sunbeams," Force appears in the condition of chemical union and molecular aggregation; ignite the coal, and the Force assumes the guise of heat and light: imprison the heat in a boiler of water, and the Force emerges in the expansive power of steam; let the expansive power of steam press against

a piston, and the Force reappears in the moving train; or let it press against brakes, and the Force reappears in the heat of friction; or let it escape through the valve, and the Force reappears in the scream of the whistle. Sound, heat, light, electricity, chemical affinity, magnetism, gravitation, seem to be but different modes of Motion. The differences are phenomenal, not elemental; they are modifications of an Archetypal Form, which, for want of a better name, we call Force, Energy, Motion, etc. In fact, this Idea is the basis of the modern doctrines of the Convertibility of Forces and Conservation of Energy. The Form is one: the figures are practically infinite. This doctrine of Convertible and Conservative Energy, let me remark in passing, is eminently true in the sphere of Morals. There is such a thing as metempsychosis of Christian Service. Herein is fulfilled the true saying: "One soweth, another reapeth" (John iv. 35-38). Genuine prayer is, sooner or later, here or there, consciously or unconsciously, answered. If our God doth not give to His beloved in their waking hours, He doth in their sleep (Psalm cxxvii. 3). Moral Force, however versatile the guises it assumes, is indestructible.

From Number.

Our next illustration we take from the Sphere of Number.

I select for special comment the number Three, which, from its extreme prevalence, we may well call the Archetypal Number. Thus Three is the basis of Geometry; it gives us the point, the line, and the surface; and these are the three Geometric elements. Triangulation is itself one of the master keys of the problems of Space. Again: Three is the basis of Arithmetic. Addition is the union of two numbers, making a third: Subtraction is the separation of two numbers, also making a third; Multiplication is but a

complex and swift addition, as Division is but a complex and swift subtraction. The Rule of Three is the Golden Rule of Arithmetic. Recall also Kepler's famous problem of the Three Bodies. Again: Three is the basis of crystallography. All substances in solidifying tend to crystallize. Each substance in crystallizing takes on its own figure. Each figure is built on the framework of three axes. The Triaxis is the Fundamental Form or Archetype of the crystal world. In fact, crystalline axes are the most perfect samples of what I mean by Archetypes, because they are purely ideal. And the whole crystal world is built around the Triaxis. True, we may have numerous sub-classifications of crystals-e. g., the Monometric, the Dimetric, the Trimetric, the Monoclinic, the Diclinic, the Triclinic, etc. -these terms taking their names from the various lengths and positions of the respective axes. But though for sake of convenience and description we may have these various. classifications, yet the Triaxial conception includes them all. The author has amused himself for hours, not without intellectual and moral profit, in constructing numerous varieties of imaginary crystal figures by simply having a triaxial framework, the axes of which could be lengthened, shortened, rectangled, or inclined at pleasure; and imposing on the ends of these axes, according to their various lengths and positions, tin surfaces of various geometrical figures, e. g., squares, parallelograms, triangles, rhombs, etc., and so building up before his very eyes a crystal figure-world. The ideal Triaxis is the common, invariable, fundamental framework or Archetypal Form: actual crystals are imposed, diversified figures. How simple the Form! How infinite the figures! And this is true for all worlds.' Again:

1 "New crystalline forms (figures ?) might be found in the depths of Space, but the laws of crystallography would be the same that are displayed before us among the crystals of

E.

Three is the basis of Architecture, and, indeed, of every human structure. g.: When the axes are equal and rectangular, we have the cubical style, as the square fort, or the square meeting-house of the Pilgrims. Inscribe a sphere in a cube, and bisect it; the hemisphere becomes a dome, as the Pantheon. Or when the axes are unequal and rectangular, we have the prismatic style, as the Parthenon, the Cruciform, etc. Inscribe a cylinder in a prism, and we have the column. The Gothic arch is the segment of a dome, or a cylindered prism. Thus, from the Archetypal Form of three axes we can figurate an endless variety of structures. Again: Three is the basis of Mechanics: a something to be moved, a moving force, and an instrument: these are the three essentials of Dynamics. Again: Three is the basis of Society: Father, Mother, Child: from these Three Humanity in all its manifold relations is derivable. Once more: Three is the basis of Man: Spirit, Soul, Body, πνεῦμα, ψυχή, σῶμα ; these, according to Holy Scripture, are the three components of Man. Thus, everywhere in the universe we see the number Three; and so everywhere in the universe we may see a suggestion of the ever Blessed and Adorable Trinity. Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost: as it was in the beginning, is now, and ever shall be, world without end. Amen.

So, too, the laws of Gravitation, Statics, Acoustics, Chemics, Optics, Pneumatics, Magnetics, Astronomics; the angles of Crystals, the spirals of Plants, the tentacles of Radiates, the whorls of Mollusks, the rings of Articu

the earth. A text-book on Crystallography, Physics, or Celestial Mechanics, printed in our printing-offices, would serve for the universe. The universe, if open throughout to our explorations, would vastly expand our knowledge, and Science might have a more beautiful superstructure; but its basement laws would be the same."-(DANA'S "MANUAL OF GEOLOGY," pp. 3, 4.)