Instinct and Reason: An Essay Concerning the Relation of Instinct to Reason, with Some Special Study of the Nature of ReligionMacmillan, 1898 - 574 หน้า |
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ฉบับอื่นๆ - ดูทั้งหมด
คำและวลีที่พบบ่อย
activities advantage animals appear argument become believe biological cells chapter civilisation co-ordinated complex connection conscience consciousness consider corresponding desire determined doctrine effective elements emphasis environment ethical impulses evidently existence experience fact fallacy of division field of attention force function gain habits hallucinations hedonism Herbert Spencer higher higher consciousness hypothesis importance impulse efficiencies impulse series individualistic instincts influence instinct actions instinct feelings instincts which relate involved lead less Lloyd Morgan mental mind nature neural system normal notion objective order of impulse organised ourselves pain persistence pleasure Professor psychic psychological psychosis pulse race racial ratiocination reaction reader realise reason recognised reference reflex actions relatively religion religious expression religious habits religious instinct restraint result seclusion seems sexual sexual reproduction social instincts speak species spinal ganglia stimulation stimuli subordinate tend tendency theory thought tion true variation whole
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หน้า 461 - The creed which accepts as the foundation of morals, Utility, or the Greatest Happiness Principle, holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness.
หน้า 231 - ... and trance and prophetic inspiration, — which is its rarer appearance, — to the faintest glow of virtuous emotion, in which form it warms, like our household fires, all the families and associations of men, and makes society possible. A certain tendency to insanity has always attended the opening of the religious sense in men, as if they had been " blasted with excess of light.
หน้า 237 - There can be no true conception of a structure without a true conception of its function. To understand how an organization originated and developed, it is requisite to understand the need subserved at the outset and afterwards.
หน้า 333 - Why should a man feel that he ought to obey one instinctive desire rather than another? Why is he bitterly regretful, if he has yielded to a strong sense of selfpreservation, and has not risked his life to save that of a fellowcreature? Or why does he regret having stolen food from hunger?
หน้า 333 - A man who possessed no trace of such instincts would be an unnatural monster. On the other hand, the desire to satisfy hunger, or any passion such as vengeance, is in its nature temporary, and can for a time be fully satisfied. Nor is it easy, perhaps hardly possible, to call up with complete vividness the feeling, for instance, of hunger; nor indeed, as has often been remarked, of any suffering. The instinct of self-preservation is not felt except in the presence of danger; and many a coward has...
หน้า 333 - ... made the heroic little American monkey, formerly described, save his keeper, by attacking the great and dreaded baboon. Such actions as the above appear to be the simple result of the greater strength of the social or maternal instincts than that of any other instinct or motive; for they are performed too instantaneously for reflection, or for pleasure or pain to be felt at the time; though, if prevented by any cause, distress or even misery might be felt. In a timid man, on the other hand, the...
หน้า 65 - And under it full often have I stretched, Feeling the warm earth like a thing alive, And gathering virtue in at every pore, Till it possessed me wholly, and thought ceased, Or was transfused in something to which thought Is coarse, and dull of sense. Myself was lost, Gone from me like an ache ; and what remained Became a part of the universal joy. My soul went forth, and, mingling with the tree, Danced in the leaves...
หน้า 348 - The pursuance of future ends and the choice of means for their attainment are thus the mark and criterion of the presence of mentality in a phenomenon.
หน้า 333 - Whilst the mother-bird is feeding or brooding over her nestlings, the maternal instinct is probably stronger than the migratory ; but the instinct which is more persistent gains the victory, and at last, at a moment when her young ones are not in sight, she takes flight and deserts them. When arrived at the end of her long journey, and the migratory instinct ceases to act, what an agony of remorse each bird would feel, if, from being endowed with great mental activity, she could not prevent the image...
หน้า 333 - A man cannot prevent past impressions often repassing through his mind; he will thus be driven to make a comparison between the impressions of past hunger, vengeance satisfied, or danger shunned at other men's cost, with the almost ever-present instinct of sympathy, and with his early knowledge of what others consider as praiseworthy or blameable.