business success achieved through his ability to gain the confidence and coöperation of men, to bring all parties into harmony, and to effect economies in every possible way, but also because of his philanthropic endeavors, there is still not the slightest trace of bitterness in his character and he holds in his heart nothing but good will toward every man.'

John D. Rockefeller, Sr., is now in his eightyeighth year, John D. Rockefeller, Jr., in his fiftythird. It is a new world in which the younger man has grown up. If the older has come to look on many things in a new light, that is the light to which the changes in social, industrial, and religious conditions in America have accustomed the younger man ever since he began to assume his enormous responsibilities. In the form of wealth and of the powers, excellent or tyrannous, which it enables its possessor to exercise, these responsibilities now rest primarily upon him. He has been called "a new kind of millionaire," and the definition is apt, for, finding himself in control of resources which from their very abundance attach to the word "money" an entirely unfamiliar meaning, he has made it his chief concern to see that they shall be used to the greatest possible advantage of his fellow creatures. The new world in which he

is living is notorious for the chasm between the older and younger generations. Many of the old sanctions and safeguards of existence are believed to have disappeared. The spectacle of the Rockefellers, father and son, contradicts this belief. The essentials of a strong religious faith, with the Christian grace of giving at its core, have obviously been transmitted from the one to the other. Now for about thirty years the son has been in the closest contact with both the business affairs and the benefactions of the father. They have both been Sunday School teachers, to the confusion of those with a different standard of relative values; they have both made incalculable contributions to the development of American industry. The one instituted, the other is actively concerned with, the benevolent trusts that bear their name; and it is time to see how the principles of efficiency employed in the art of getting are now applied in that of giving.

III

In the systematic offerings of pennies and dimes to the causes in which the older Mr. Rockefeller was brought up to believe, it has already been seen that the principle of his benefactions was founded. The successive steps in the growth of his giving are not to be followed. They would doubtless be found

first to lie chiefly, and quite naturally, in the direction of Baptist denominational objects. In the early eighties, when the Standard Oil Company had been in existence only a little more than ten years, Mr. Rockefeller became a vice-president of the Baptist Theological Union of Chicago, and soon began to give financial support to the Baptist Union Theological Seminary in that city, an institution with which Dr. W. R. Harper, afterwards president of the University of Chicago, had become associated in 1879. In 1886 a prematurely born University of Chicago gave up the struggle it had waged, under Baptist auspices, against Civil War conditions, "the fire," and debt. Those who believed that a great future lay beyond its possible revival were already in contact with Mr. Rockefeller through their common interest in the Baptist Union Theological Seminary.

In 1888 the American Baptist Education Society came into being, with the Rev. Frederick T. Gates as its executive secretary. One of the first objects of the Society was to establish a thoroughly equipped Baptist institution of learning in Chicago. Dr. Harper had already impressed himself upon Mr. Rockefeller as a man of extraordinary power. Mr. Gates to whom Mr. Rockefeller some twenty years later ascribed "a combination of rare business