Basic WritingsUniversity of Illinois Press, 1 ต.ค. 2010 - 240 หน้า This book contains the first English translations of The Origin of the Moral Sensations and Psychological Observations, the two most important works by the German philosopher Paul Rée. These essays present Rée’s moral philosophy, which influenced the ideas of his close friend Friedrich Nietzsche considerably. Nietzsche scholars have often incorrectly attributed to him arguments and ideas that are Rée’s and have failed to detect responses to Rée’s works in Nietzsche’s writings. Rée’s thinking combined two strands: a pessimistic conception of human nature, presented in the French moralists’ aphoristic style that would become a mainstay of Nietzsche’s own writings, and a theory of morality derived from Darwin’s theory of natural selection. Rée’s moral Darwinism was a central factor prompting Nietzsche to write On the Genealogy of Morals and the groundwork for much of today’s “evolutionary ethics.” In an illuminating critical introduction, Robin Small examines Rée’s life and work, locating his application of evolutionary concepts to morality within a broader history of Darwinism while exploring Rée’s theoretical and personal relationship with Nietzsche. In placing Nietzsche in his intellectual and social context, Small profoundly challenges the myth of Nietzsche as a solitary thinker. |
เนื้อหา
ix | |
xi | |
Psychological Observations | 1 |
The Origin of the Moral Sensations part 2 The Origin of the Moral Sensations | 81 |
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achieve admiration and envy advantage altruism ambition ambitious person animals appear arises bad actions bad and blameworthy beauty behavior benefit benevolence blame blameworthy action called character committed compassion condemned conflict Darwin desire despised deter displeasing egoistic actions egoistic drive envy essay evolutionary ethics example fact fear of punishment finally find first Friedrich Nietzsche Genealogy of Morals habit happiness harm Hence human Ibid idea individual inflicted influence innate intellectual justifies the means Lamarck later malicious pleasure Malwida von Meysenbug Moral Sensations motives natural selection Nietzsche Nietzsche’s non—egoism non—egoistic actions object one’s oneself opinion ourselves pain Paul Rée philosophy pleasing possession praise praiseworthy Psychological Observations qualities rational reason Rée’s reflect regarded remorse retribution Richard Schacht sacrifice sake satisfaction satisfied Schopenhauer scientific sect selfish selfless sense of honor someone Spencer suffering sufficient superiority things thought tion tribe unhappy utility vanity well-being Whoever women