Senator PASTORE. Before opening our hearings on S. 2004, I have invited Dr. Eli Rubinstein to come before the committee this morning. Dr. Rubinstein is the assistant director of extramural programs in behavioral sciences at the National Institute of Mental Health. He has been designated by the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare to coordinate the work of the Surgeon General's committee and the studies that it will initiate to determine whether the presentation of crime and violence on television affects behavior of the viewing public and the mental health, emotional and social development of the Nation's children.

On March 5 of this year, I sent a letter to the Secretary of HEW pointing out the growing public concern over this question and the apparent inability of authorities in the field of social and mental behavior to agree on a definitive answer.

What is at stake, I said, is no less than our most valuable and trusted resource— the minds and hearts of our young people, especially our children.

In view of the outstanding contribution of the Surgeon General's Committee on Smoking and Health, and because he is the highest medical authority in the country, I felt he would be the most appropriate person to appoint any head a Committee to study this most crucial and critical question.

Accordingly, I respectfully requested the Secretary to direct the Surgeon General to appoint a committee comprised of distinguished men and women from whatever professions and disciplines deemed appropriate to devise techniques and to conduct a study under his supervision using those techniques which will establish scientifically insofar as possible what harmful effects, if any, programs of crime and violence have on children.

Subsequently on March 12, the Surgeon General of the United States appeared before this committee and informed it that he would shortly appoint an advisory panel of experts in the behavioral sciences, the mental health disciplines, and communications to study the effects of televised violence.

At that time, I requested that he submit an informal interim report by October.

Since then the Committee has been formed and its work is underway. I might say at this time the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare was gracious enough to talk to me about this matter.

So, Dr. Rubinstein, it is a pleasure to have you here today. Give us a progress report. Tell us how the advisory committee is going to go about the study.

And I want to say this too. At my behest, Mr. Zapple, who is the counsel of this subcommittee, communicated with the National Commission on Causes and Prevention of Violence. As I have stated previously, we are all awaiting the report and the recommendations of the Commission. We have now been informed that the report of their Mass Media Task Force, which includes radio and television, will be forthcoming in September. The overall report of the full Commission will be available at a later date. Certainly this committee is very much interested in this report.

I also want to say at this juncture, because the question of expense was raised at one time during the progress of the hearings, that we

will avail ourselves of all of the good work that has been done in this area, without covering the same ground twice. I hope that we don't get into duplication. Whatever is new, or hasn't been yet discovered, I hope will be discovered in the public interest. But, by the same token, let's not get into another big bureaucratic agency to do a job that in many instances has already been done. Whatever needs to be coordinated, I hope will be coordinated. Whatever can be utilized from past studies will be utilized. Whatever needs to be done that hasn't been done also will be done.

So in the final analysis, we will get a very comprehensive study and know exactly where we stand on this very, very important subject, just as we did on cigarette smoking.

Now I am happy to invite Dr. Rubinstein to the witness chair.

STATEMENT OF DR. ELI RUBINSTEIN, VICE CHAIRMAN, SURGEON GENERAL'S SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON TELEVISION AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE

Dr. RUBINSTEIN. Thank you, sir.

Senator PASTORE. First of all, let me say, Doctor, how pleased and honored we are to have you here. We are very proud of your distinction in this particular field. You have heard my statement, and I think you ought to take it from there.

Dr. RUBINSTEIN. Thank you, Senator.

As you know, the Surgeon General, Dr. Stewart, is retiring this month and is therefore not available to be here today. I am here as the Vice Chairman of the Scientific Advisory Committee on Television and Social Behavior and I have a brief status report to provide you.

Mr. Chairman, and members of the committee, on June 3, 1969, the following nationally prominent scientists were named to serve on the Surgeon General's Scientific Advisory Committee on Television and Social Behavior:

Dr. Ira Cisin, who is a professor of sociology and director, social research project, George Washington University, 2400 H Street NW., Washington, D.C. Ph. D., 1957, American University, whose special interests: Development of mathematical models and improvement of measurement technique for social science.

Dr. Thomas Coffin, vice president, National Broadcasting Co., 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York, N.Y. Ph. D., 1941, Princeton University, whose special interests are propaganda and attitude, social psychological effects of television.

Dr. Irving L. Janis, professor, department of psychology, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Conn. Ph. D., 1948, Columbia University, whose special interests are psychological reactions to objective danger situations, attitude change, decisionmaking.

Joseph T. Klapper, director of social research, Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc., 51 West 52d Street, New York, N.Y. Ph. D., 1960, Columbia University, whose special interests are mass communication, attitude change, public opinion, social science methodology.

Senator PASTORE. Before opening our hearings on S. 2004, I have invited Dr. Eli Rubinstein to come before the committee this morning. Dr. Rubinstein is the assistant director of extramural programs in behavioral sciences at the National Institute of Mental Health. He has been designated by the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare to coordinate the work of the Surgeon General's committee and the studies that it will initiate to determine whether the presentation of crime and violence on television affects behavior of the viewing public and the mental health, emotional and social development of the Nation's children.

On March 5 of this year, I sent a letter to the Secretary of HEW pointing out the growing public concern over this question and the apparent inability of authorities in the field of social and mental behavior to agree on a definitive answer.

What is at stake, I said, is no less than our most valuable and trusted resource the minds and hearts of our young people, especially our children.

In view of the outstanding contribution of the Surgeon General's Committee on Smoking and Health, and because he is the highest medical authority in the country, I felt he would be the most appropriate person to appoint any head a Committee to study this most crucial and critical question.

Accordingly, I respectfully requested the Secretary to direct the Surgeon General to appoint a committee comprised of distinguished men and women from whatever professions and disciplines deemed appropriate to devise techniques and to conduct a study under his supervision using those techniques which will establish scientifically insofar as possible what harmful effects, if any, programs of crime and violence have on children.

Subsequently on March 12, the Surgeon General of the United States appeared before this committee and informed it that he would shortly appoint an advisory panel of experts in the behavioral sciences, the mental health disciplines, and communications to study the effects of televised violence.

At that time, I requested that he submit an informal interim report by October.

Since then the Committee has been formed and its work is underway. I might say at this time the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare was gracious enough to talk to me about this matter.

So, Dr. Rubinstein, it is a pleasure to have you here today. Give us a progress report. Tell us how the advisory committee is going to go about the study.

And I want to say this too. At my behest, Mr. Zapple, who is the counsel of this subcommittee, communicated with the National Commission on Causes and Prevention of Violence. As I have stated previously, we are all awaiting the report and the recommendations of the Commission. We have now been informed that the report of their Mass Media Task Force, which includes radio and television, will be forthcoming in September. The overall report of the full Commission will be available at a later date. Certainly this committee is very much interested in this report.

I also want to say at this juncture, because the question of expense was raised at one time during the progress of the hearings, that we

will avail ourselves of all of the good work that has been done in this area, without covering the same ground twice. I hope that we don't get into duplication. Whatever is new, or hasn't been yet discovered, I hope will be discovered in the public interest. But, by the same token, let's not get into another big bureaucratic agency to do a job that in many instances has already been done. Whatever needs to be coordinated, I hope will be coordinated. Whatever can be utilized from past studies will be utilized. Whatever needs to be done that hasn't been done also will be done.

So in the final analysis, we will get a very comprehensive study and know exactly where we stand on this very, very important subject, just as we did on cigarette smoking.

Now I am happy to invite Dr. Rubinstein to the witness chair.

STATEMENT OF DR. ELI RUBINSTEIN, VICE CHAIRMAN, SURGEON GENERAL'S SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON TELEVISION AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE

Dr. RUBINSTEIN. Thank you, sir.

Senator PASTORE. First of all, let me say, Doctor, how pleased and honored we are to have you here. We are very proud of your distinction in this particular field. You have heard my statement, and I think you ought to take it from there.

Dr. RUBINSTEIN. Thank you, Senator.

As you know, the Surgeon General, Dr. Stewart, is retiring this month and is therefore not available to be here today. I am here as the Vice Chairman of the Scientific Advisory Committee on Television and Social Behavior and I have a brief status report to provide you.

Mr. Chairman, and members of the committee, on June 3, 1969, the following nationally prominent scientists were named to serve on the Surgeon General's Scientific Advisory Committee on Television and Social Behavior:

Dr. Ira Cisin, who is a professor of sociology and director, social research project, George Washington University, 2400 H Street NW., Washington, D.C. Ph. D., 1957, American University, whose special interests: Development of mathematical models and improvement of measurement technique for social science.

Dr. Thomas Coffin, vice president, National Broadcasting Co., 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York, N.Y. Ph. D., 1941, Princeton University, whose special interests are propaganda and attitude, social psychological effects of television.

Dr. Irving L. Janis, professor, department of psychology, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Conn. Ph. D., 1948, Columbia University, whose special interests are psychological reactions to objective danger situations, attitude change, decisionmaking.

Joseph T. Klapper, director of social research, Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc., 51 West 52d Street, New York, N.Y. Ph. D., 1960, Columbia University, whose special interests are mass communication, attitude change, public opinion, social science methodology.

Mr. Harold Mendelsohn, professor, department of mass communication, and director, Communication Arts Center, University of Denver, Denver, Colo. Ph. D., 1956, New School for Social Research, whose special interests are sociology of mass communication, motivation, attitude, public opinion.

Evaline Omwake, professor and chairman, department of child development, Connecticut College, New London, Conn. M.A., 1937, Teachers College, Columbia University, whose special interests are early childhood education and child development.

Charles Pinderhughes, associate clinical professor of psychiatry, Tufts University and lecturer in psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 82 Marlborough Street, Boston, Mass. M.D., 1943, Howard University, whose special interests are effects of ethnic group concentrations on the education process.

Ithiel de Sola Pool, professor and chairman, political science department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass. Ph. D., 1953, University of Chicago, whose special interests are political opinion and propaganda.

Alberta E. Siegel, professor of psychology, department of psychiatry, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, Calif. Ph. D., 1955, Stanford University, whose special interests are methodology in child study, social psychology in childhood.

Anthony F. C. Wallace, professor and chairman, department of anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. Ph. D., 1950, University of Pennsylvania, whose special interests are human behavior in disasters and other stress situations.

Andrew S. Watson, professor of psychiatry and professor of law, University of Michigan. M.D., 1950, a graduate of Temple University, whose special interests are theory and treatment of family emotional problems.

Gerhart D. Wiebe, dean, School of Communications, Boston University, Boston, Mass. Ph. D., 1942, Ohio State, whose special interests are mass media, communications research.

This is a group with a rather diverse and wide degree of competence in the field.

Senator PASTORE. A very imposing roster, I would say.

Dr. RUBINSTEIN. We are very pleased to have this group of a dozen experts who cover, I think, almost all of the facets that are likely to come up in our discussion and investigation in this area.

The first organizational meeting of the Scientific Advisory Committee was held on June 16 and 17, 1969, just barely 2 weeks after the Committee was organized, and I should mention all members of the Committee attended, which is another indication of the interest and involvements of these people, having come in on such short notice, and to have left their otherwise busy schedules to attend the 2-day meeting of the Advisory Committee.

Dr. Stewart gave the Committee its charge:

Provide consultation and guidance on a scientific study of the relationship between televised crime and violence and antisocial behavior, with special emphasis on children.

Dr. Stewart urged that the study take into account the full context of the relationship between television and social behavior. He