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Mr. WILIAMS. Well, Madison did definitely because he said the time would come when the Have-Nots would vote everything away from the Hads. Of course, they may have shifted their position with political pressure from time to time, you know that takes place.

So I say, as far as that goes, I don't see how even with this Supreme Court we can have a poll tax bill. And I doubt very much-well, an antilynching bill, it probably would-but the poll tax bill is probably indefensible.

Senator HENNINGS. That is not before the committee at this time. Mr. WILLIAMS. Reference was made, as we went along.

Senator HENNINGS. It is before the Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights, it has been proposed by Senator Kefauver-no, it was proposed by Senator Holland, of Florida, and Senator

Mr. WILLIAMS. Now you are talking about a constitutional amendment. I am not talking about that, but the one I have here.

Mr. YOUNG. That is before rules, we don't have the legislative one here.

Mr. WILLIAMS. I have the one which I thought was here.

Senator HENNINGS. We have not reported it out of this subcommittee, Mr. Williams.

Mr. WILLIAMS. It is Senate joint resolution 29.

Senator HENNINGS. It doubtless has been introduced.

Mr. WILLIAMS. That was by Senator Holland, too.

Senator HENNINGS. Holland, Smathers, George, Long, Ellender, McClellan, Fulbright, Ervin, Scott and

Mr. WILLIAMS. That is a constitutional amendment. But there is a suggestion that you take up that problem of voting. I know that is a constitutional amendment they proposed.

Senator HENNINGS. Mr. Williams, we appreciate you coming here. Mr. WILLIAMS. As I said, I would like to have put my views in an orderly fashion, but it will take too long.

Senator HENNINGS. Anything that you have for the record we will be glad to have you put into the record and made a part thereof. Mr. WILLIAMS. As I say, I would like to submit that article of mine. Senator HENNINGS. The article will be made a part of the files. Mr. WILLIAMS. Thank you, sir.

Senator HENNINGS. Unfortunately, I must leave town, and none of the other members of the subcommittee have appeared today except Senator Dirksen, and Senator Jenner was here earlier. I don't say that in criticism of anybody, but I say it only in terms of there being so many of us-I think I am on nine subcommittees of this Committee of the Judiciary alone. And we have conflicts and cannot be everywhere at the same time. I don't mean to imply any criticism, except that these were hearings before the full committee.

Mr. WILLIAMS. I think if the Congress would tend to its own business the Federal Government would have more time to tend to it, because they are meddling in State problems too much. And I would also, if I had time, like to read Madison's definition of our Government, or at least defining the two functions. I intended to do that.

I also intended to read Roosevelt's definition of the functions. But I will ask that anybody interested in that subject read the speech that I have in pamphlet form the way Madison defined the Federal Government's function. You would have plenty of time to tend to your work here, but the reason you haven't is because you have got over into the area of the States.

Senator HENNINGS. I say that is only one of many problems. If you could tell me how to cut down on long days and nights and Saturdays and Sundays, I would indeed be very grateful, to you, as would many others.

Mr. WILLIAMS. I would say, throw out some of these bills that do not belong.

Senator HENNINGS. Most of our problems are not the States, there are a lot of other things. There are too few men to do the work. Thank you very much.

Mr. Young has offered, and this will be printed as part of the record. It is a comparative analysis of all of the bills relating to the institution of a commission, S. 906, S. 907, S. 3605, S. 3425, and H. R. 267.

(The document referred to is as follows:)

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