9. In an action on a Guarantee the defendant pleaded that after it was given to the plaintiff it was altered in a material particular by some person to the defendant unknown, without his consent, by affixing a seal so as to make it appear to be the deed of the defendant. Assuming the facts stated in the plea to be correct, would the defendant have a good defence to the action? 10. In what cases is an agent or a person purporting to act as agent entitled to bring actions against third persons upon contracts to which they are parties?

11. A, the registered holder of shares in a limited company, agrees in writing to sell them to B, and receives the purchase money for them, but the directors, acting in pursuance of a power given by the Articles of Association, refuse to take A's name off the register in respect of the shares. Discuss the position of A and B, and state their rights and liabilities.

12. Discuss shortly the historical connection between Contracts and Quasi-Contracts.

ADVANCED SURVEYING.

SECOND PAPER.

The Board of Examiners.

1. Quote and comment upon Wellington's criticism of the helical tunnels of the St. Gothard Railway.

2. A pipe fed from a reservoir of still water divides into two branches of different lengths and diameters, and terminating at different levels. How would you compute the discharge and draw the hydraulic grade of each branch?

3. Under what conditions does a pipe conveying water suck down air at its inlet? What effect has this on the discharge of the pipe?

4. A stream of water is flowing over a narrow-crested rectangular weir 3 feet wide, the depth from still water to the crest being 12 inches. What is the discharge when the level of tail water is below the weir crest, full contraction being allowed? Q = c (2gh) hl.

Use your own judgment as to the value of c.

5. Discuss methods of determining accurately the position of a boat at sea by observations to known points on shore.

SURVEYING, LEVELLING, MENSURATION,

AND DRAWING.

FIRST PAPER.

The Board of Examiners.

1. Describe fully the construction and adjustments of a Transit theodolite. What precautions would you take in selecting one?

2. Show how to lay out a curve of 40 chains radius connecting two straight lines whose difference in azimuth is 21° 16'. Assuming that the chainage of the first tangent point is 3 miles 42 chains 55 links, give all calculations necessary for determining chainages of secant and second tangent points, and also for fixing pegs at even chainages round the curve.

3. Describe fully the construction and adjustments of the sextant.

SURVEYING, LEVELLING, MENSURATION,

AND DRAWING.

SECOND PAPER.

The Board of Examiners.

1. The following observations were taken in the field on 30th June, 1893, with a theodolite, the place of observation being in Victoria.

true azimuth of referring lamp:

Determine

Apparent altitude of a Canis Minor at culmination, 47° 32'.

Apparent altitude of a Eridani, 28° 14'. Horizontal angle subtended between a Eridani (which is on western portion of its orbit) and a referring lamp easterly from the star, 32° 12′ 30′′.

The following particulars are given in the Melbourne General Star Catalogue of 1880 for

Values of Bessel's Day Numbers for 30th June, 1893, as per Nautical Almanac

Log. a'

Log. b'

Log. c'

Log. d'

Dis

2. Reduce the traverse shown below, supplying_the missing bearings, and determine the area. tances are given in links

SURVEYING, LEVELLING, MENSURATION,

AND DRAWING.

THIRD PAPER.

The Board of Examiners.

1. Give particulars of the various methods used for effecting underground surveys, and of connecting them with surface ones.

2. Prove that the area of surface of a sphere of radius

3. A hollow cast-iron sphere of 10 inches external diameter weighs 200 lbs. when filled with mercury. Determine its thickness. (The specific gravity of mercury 13.6.)

4. A mud punt is built with a flat bottom, vertical sides, and sloping ends. It is 10 feet wide, 3 feet deep, 30 feet long on top, and 24 feet long at bottom. and is made with wrought-iron plates inch thick

(a)

What will it cost at £30 per ton?

(b) What is the least depth of salt water in which it will float when empty?

(c)

How many tons of silt will it carry when drawing 2 feet of salt water?