GREEK.-PART I. (COMPOSITION.)

Professor Tucker and Mr. Tubbs.

Now perhaps some one might object to this that Socrates should not have taught his disciples politics before he had taught them discretion. But I perceive that all teachers prove to their disciples by their own examples how far they practise what they preach. And I know that Socrates showed by his conduct that he was honest and virtuous, and that if these men whom you are inclined to consider disloyal citizens had not associated with him they would never have known what the true meaning of loyalty to the State was. I know equally that so long as they enjoyed intercourse with Socrates their behaviour was beyond reproach, and if he is now removed from them by death we must beware how we refer to his teaching the errors which have, it is rather probable, arisen from the want of his presence and care.

LATIN.-PART I. (COMPOSITION.)
Professor Tucker and Mr. Tubbs.

My lord, since you ask me seriously for my advice, I am bound to give you the best I can think of. I recommend you to send three hundred ships of war against the territory of Sparta. Near the shore there lies an island called Cythera, concerning which Chilon, a person of

great wisdom among us, once said that it would be a great gain for the Spartans if it were to sink under the sea and never re-appear. He was always expecting it might become the base of operations for some such expedition as I suggest. If you thus bring the war to their own doors, you will have no need to fear that the Spartans will offer any opposition here while you are conquering the rest of Greece. If not, you may expect to fight a number of stubborn and bloody battles while attempting to cross the isthmus of Corinth.

This was the advice given to Xerxes by Demaratus, but, unfortunately for himself, the king did not see fit to follow it.

GREEK-PART II. (COMPOSITION.)

Professor Tucker and Mr. Tubbs.

I come amongst you not to stir up animosity between class and class: that is the charge brought against me by men who wish that one class may permanently rule over every other class. I come amongst you that we may deliberate on those great questions on which our success and our prosperity depend. You know, at least if you do not know it I will tell you, that I am no frequenter of courts. I have never sought for office or the emoluments of place. I have no craving for popularity. I think I have little of that which may be called the lust for fame. I am a citizen of a free country. I love

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my country, I love its freedom: but I believe that freedom can only be extended and retained by a fair and honest representation of the people : and it is because I believe this that I am here to ask you, through the power of your intelligence and your numbers, to step into the position which now opens before you.

LATIN.-PART II. (COMPOSITION.)
Professor Tucker and Mr. Tubbs.

It was not, however, the principal design of Lycurgus that his city should govern many others, but he considered its happiness, like that of a private man, as flowing from virtue and self-consistency. He therefore so ordered and disposed it that by the freedom and sobriety of its inhabitants, and their having a sufficiency within themselves, its continuance might be the more secure. Plato, Diogenes, Zeno, and other writers upon government have taken Lycurgus for their model; and these have attained great praise, though they have left only an idea of something excellent. Yet he, who, not in idea and in words, but in fact, produced a most inimitable form of government, and by showing a whole city of philosophers, confounded those who imagine that the so much talked of strictness of a philosophic life is impracticable: he, I say, stands in the rank of glory far beyond the founders of all the other Grecian states, so that Aristotle is of opinion that even the honours paid him in Lacedæmon were far beneath his merit.

COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY.

Professor Tucker.

A.

To be omitted by candidates of Third Year in
Group A.

1. Trace the development of "Philology" into a science. What are the conditions now demanded for a sound etymology?

Shew the effect of Comparative Philology on the proper understanding of Greek and Latin.

2. Write an essay fully demonstrating (to one who is supposed ignorant of the subject) the genealogical relationship of English, Greek, Latin, Sanskrit.

3. Changes occur in languages in (i) pronunciation, (ii) loss or extension of vocabulary, (iii) meaning of words, (iv) grammatical usage. Illustrate the first three of these changes during the passage of the Ursprache into the derived tongues.

4. Write down the presumable I.-E. alphabet. Divide it according to place and kind of articulation. Discuss the evidence for the doubtful sounds. Make it clear why one sound passes into another (1) of different place, (2) of different kind.

B.

For all candidates.

5. "The representation of the I.-E. vowels is less faithful in Latin than in Greek." Take each Vowel and shew its various Greek and Latin representations, with the rule determining each variation.

6. Detail the treatment in Greek of original y, s, velar g, sonant ; and in Latin of the palatal gutturals, sonant m, and of s in combination with other consonants.

7. Examine fully the etymology of the following words, accounting for every change from the original form, and quoting cognate words from the same and other languages:-Quick, hostis, póvos, éλaxis, lātus, aiw, solium, incola, lupus, πένθος, anser, cocus, μέσος, βαίνω.

8. State clearly what is meant by a guttural being "labialized" or "unlabialized." Shew how, in the matter of Grimm's Law, labialization affects the correspondence between a Teutonic and a Greek or Latin sound. Examine the case of why

= TL.

C.

For Third Year only.

9. Discuss the formation of comparatives and superlatives in I.-E., with reference to the Greek and Latin forms. Shew how ablaut comes into these forms.