paralogisms, and his further statement that Rational Psychology is not a science, but merely a discipline.

7. Examine critically the remark of Kant that he had found it necessary to deny knowledge of God, freedom, and immortality, in order to find a place for faith.

8. Consider the evidence offered by Spencer in his First Principles for the statement that Space and Time, and Matter in its ultimate nature, are absolutely incomprehensible, and leave us nothing but a choice between opposite absurdities.

9. Explain the nature of the Universal Postulate laid down by Spencer, and the arguments by which he defends it against pure Empiricism.

10. Compare Spencer's Transfigured Realism with the Crude Realism which he rejects.

MORAL PHILOSOPHY.

The Board of Examiners.

1. Explain the way in which Socrates was led to identify virtue with knowledge. How was this position dealt with by Plato and by Aristotle?

2. Shew the close connexion between the speculative and the ethical philosophy of Plato resulting from his answers to the question-What is the good?

3. How does Aristotle distinguish between involuntary and voluntary acts?

And how does he shew that virtue and vice, while dependent on character, are alike voluntary?

4. How did Butler meet the proposition that

no

creature whatever can possibly act but merely from self-love"? In answering this question, shew the place which Butler assigned to selflove in the constitution of our nature.

5. Examine the significance and value of Kant's conception of a kingdom of ends.

6. On what grounds was it maintained by Kant that heteronomy of the will is the source of all spurious principles of morality? Examine his position here.

7. Examine, critically, Mill's account of the relation of morality to the social feelings of mankind, and of the latter to personal interest.

8. "There is one postulate in which pessimists and optimists agree." Consider Spencer's argument here in its bearing on the goodness or badness of conduct.

9. Write a short essay on the meaning and importance attached by Spencer to Absolute Ethics.

NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.-PART I.

The Board of Examiners.

Candidates must not attempt more than TEN of the following questions.

1. Define force, impulse, kinetic energy, and explain how they are measured.

A bullet weighing 15 grams leaves the muzzle of a rifle with a velocity of 400 metres per second; (a) find the impulse and the kinetic energy it has received; (b) find the mean value of the propelling force on the bullet, supposing the barrel of the rifle to be 1 metre long.

2. Explain how velocities are compounded and resolved graphically.

A ship steaming north-east through a current running 4 knots an hour is found after an hour to have made 4 knots due north. Determine the direction of current and the speed of the ship.

3. Describe Attwood's machine and how to use it to verify the formula v2/h = constant.

4. Define elasticity. Distinguish between elasticity of bulk and elasticity of form, and show how this distinction may be made the basis of the classification of matter into solids and fluids.

5. Describe how to test the uniformity of the bore of a capillary tube. If the bore is circular, describe. how to determine its diameter. Obtain a formula giving the diameter in terms of the results of experiment.

6. State the principle of Archimedes, and give any method of proving it.

A body floats in pure water with one-fourth of its volume above the surface. What fraction of its volume will project above the surface if it be floated in a liquid of specific gravity 1.35?

7. A quantity of gas collected in a graduated tube over mercury measures 578 cubic centimetres; the level of the mercury in the tube is 48 millimetres above that in the dish which is open to the atmosphere; the barometer reads 750 m.m., and the temperature is 20° C. Calculate the volume of the gas at 0° C. and 760 m.m. pressure.

8. Define the quantities unit of work and unit of heat, and describe how to determine how many

units of work are equivalent to one unit of heat.

9. Explain, and illustrate by a figure, the formation of the image of an object by a convex mirror.

Explain clearly how it is we see the image in its apparent position.

10. How would you show that the poles of a good bar magnet are not situated at its ends but near them?

How would you operate so as to make both ends of a steel knitting needle north poles and the middle of it a south pole, and how would you prove experimentally that you had succeeded?

11. A delicate gold-leaf electroscope is placed inside a wire gauze enclosure, its plate being connected to the gauze, and the whole apparatus placed on an insulating stool. What will be the effect on the gold leaves if an electrified body be brought up to and made to touch the gauze ? What fundamental electrical principle does this experiment prove? Describe other experiments to prove the same principle.

12. What do you understand by electro-magnetic induction? Describe the apparatus used, and the method of using it, for proving the fundamental laws of electro-magnetic induction.

NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.-PART II.

The Board of Examiners.

No candidate is to attempt more than TEN questions.

1. Assuming that the resistance to motion is

lbs. weight per ton of engine and train where v is the velocity in miles per hour and the inclination of the line expressed as a fraction, calculate the horse-power required to pull a train of 300 tons weight up an incline of 1 in 160 at the rate of 40 miles an hour.

2. Prove that a spherical shell of gravitating matter exerts no force on a particle placed at an internal point.

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