3. Explain the terms Concilium Ordinarium, Commune Concilium, and Concilium Magnatum. How far does any of them correspond with Parliament to-day?

4. How has the duration of Parliament and the Privy Council been affected by the demise of the Crown? What effect, if any, has such demise now? Does the demise of the Crown affect the Victorian Parliament or Executive Council?

5. In what cases is a Ministry entitled to demand a dissolution of Parliament? Is it ever constitutional for the Crown to dismiss a Ministry which has a majority in the House of Commons?

6. What were the tenures of land developed in England under the feudal system? Describe shortly the nature of each.

7. What is meant by an "Estate of the Realm"? What are the "Estates of the Realm" in England?

8. What provisions exist in England and Victoria for the trial of disputed election returns?

9. What are the qualifications for membership of the Legislative Council and Legislative Assembly in Victoria?

10. What is the position of a Governor in regard to (a) civil, (b) criminal, liability in the colony to which he is sent?

INTERNATIONAL LAW.

The Board of Examiners.

Candidates must not attempt more than SEVEN
questions.

1. What is a Semi-Sovereign State? position in International Law?

What is its

In 1854 Great Britain exercised a protectorate over the Ionian Isles. War was declared between Great Britain and Russia, and certain ships belonging to natives of the Isles, engaged in trade with Russia, were captured by British cruisers. Were they liable to condemnation?

2. When one State is formed from another by secession, what are the rules which, in the absence of treaty, determine the position of the two States in respect of property and contractual rights and liabilities?

3. Consider the different classes of treaties with reference to the effect of a subsequent outbreak of war between the contracting parties. Illustrate your answer by a reference to the circumstances of the British American Fisheries dispute.

4. What are the rights and duties of a military occupant of territory?

During a military occupation of enemy's territory the general in command, with the sanction

of his Government, seizes and sells certain moveable and immoveable property in the occupied territory. After the determination of the occupation, the persons whose property was so seized take proceedings against the purchasers. Consider their prospects of success.

5. What is necessary to constitute a blockade ? What amounts to a breach? What is the penalty for breach of blockade?

In a war between Great Britain and France, Great Britain declared a blockade of Havre, and the port was duly invested. The M, a neutral vessel, succeeded in eluding the blockading force, entered Havre, and delivered her cargo. She took on board a fresh cargo, and attempted to leave, but was captured. Consider whether she is liable to be condemned.

6. Under what circumstances is the assignment of property upon bankruptcy in a foreign country entitled to recognition in Victoria ?

A Russian agent of an English merchant shipped goods to his principal by a Russian vessel, to be delivered at Hull. The vessel was wrecked on the Norwegian coast, the cargo was salved and sold there. The sale was good by Norwegian law, but was not under such cir cumstances of necessity as in the view of English law justifies a sale. The goods were subsequently re-sold, and eventually arrived in England, when the original consignee brought trover. What would be the arguments and the decision in such a case?

7. What principles determine the governing law in the case of a ship's contracts?

The X was a vessel Dutch owned, sailing under the Dutch flag. She was worked by an English limited company. Goods were consigned from Singapore (an English port) by plaintiffs, also an English company, under bills of lading in the English language and form. On the construction of the bills, it was contended by the plaintiffs that English, by the defendants that the Dutch, was the governing law. Consider the case.

8. Under what circumstances will the Victorian Courts give redress for a tort committed in a foreign country?

A brings an action, in Victoria, against B for false imprisonment committed in a foreign country, B pleads that, according to the law of such country, he is not liable to be sued by A in a civil action until he (B) has been criminally condemned for the matter complained of, and that he has not been so condemned. Assuming this plea to be true, is it a good defence to the action? Give the reasons for your answers.

9. (a) A bill of exchange, drawn in England, payable in Spain, is indorsed in England by B to A. A indorses it to C in Spain. It is dishonoured by non-acceptance, and twelve days afterwards C writes to give notice of this to A, and A then at once gives notice to B. By Spanish law no notice of dishonour by nonacceptance is required. In an action in England could A recover the amount of the bill from B? Give the reasons for your answer.

(b) A bill of exchange is drawn and indorsed to B by A, in England, upon a French subject in Paris, and there accepted, payable there three months after date. During its currency a "moratory" law is passed in France (in consequence of a war) postponing the maturity of all current bills for six months, and so the bill did not become payable until nine months after date. It was then presented to the acceptor and payment refused, and it was duly protested and due notice of dishonour was given. Can B recover the amount of the bill from A? Give the reasons for your answer.

10. Two Portuguese subjects, first cousins, and as such incapable of intermarriage by the law of Portugal, marry in London. How is the validity of the marriage affected by the fact that at the time of the marriage

(a) both are domiciled in England;

(b) both are domiciled in Portugal;

(c) one is domiciled in England and the other in Portugal ?

THE LAW OF PROPERTY.

The Board of Examiners.

1. What estates legal or equitable would be conferred by a grant of land by deed in the terms of each of the following cases, persons not designated by