3. Give the dental formulæ of the more common or abundant genera of Mammalia in Pleistocene Tertiary formations of Europe.

4. In what Palæontological characteristics do the Pleistocene and Pliocene deposits of New Zealand and Australia differ from each other? characters of the genera you mention.

Give the

5. What fossil Plant genera distinguish the Mesozoic coal deposits from the older ones?

6. Give the characters and relations of the chief groups of Plants characteristic of the Palæozoic coal formations,

7. Define the orders and chief genera of Reptilia exclusively confined to rock formations of the Mesozoic Period.

8. Describe the generic characters of the chie families and genera of Mollusca found exclusively in Mesozoic formations.

9. Describe the generic characters of the chief cephalopodous Mollusca characteristic of the Palæozoic strata.

10. Mention the characters of a few of the oldest known forms of animal life noticed in rocks below the Llandeilo Flag formation.

DEDUCTIVE LOGIC.

The Board of Examiners.

TO BE USED ALSO AS HONOUR PAPER No. 1.

1. Show (a) the theoretical value, (b) the practical utility, of the study of Deductive Logic.

2. Mention different meanings which have been attached to connotation. Should we accept the rule that "denotation and connotation vary inversely"? Give reasons for your answer.

3. Distinguish between contrary and contradictory opposition. To what extent, if at all, may the table of Opposition be applied-(a) to singular categorical propositions; (b) to conditional propositions; (c) to disjunctive propositions; (d) to hypothetical propositions, regarded as distinct from conditionals?

4. Give the obverse, the contrapositive, and the obverted inverse, where possible, of each of the following propositions:-Few ambitious men are considerate; where there is smoke there is fire; all is lost, save honour; every A is either B or C.

5. State and prove any two of the corollaries from the rules of categorical syllogism.

6. How many forms of categorical proposition are possible, if we insist on a definite expression of the exact relations of subject and predicate to each

other in extension? And what, speaking generally, would be the result of admitting such forms of proposition into the doctrine of the syllogism?

7. Mention the requirements of definition. Show its importance as a safeguard against fallacy. When is it most needed?

8. Examine the following arguments, stating them in syllogistic form, and pointing out fallacies, if any:

(a) We cannot reasonably attach much importance to the testimony of any one who is easily influenced, for all credulous persons are easily influenced, and but little importance should be attached to the testimony of credulous persons. (b) Careful preparation would have ensured X a good place on the honour list; but, since his preparation has not been careful, his place cannot be a good one.

(c) It cannot be true that protective taxation increases prices, for the recent stock tax has not had that effect.

(d) All savings are not commendable, though they are instances of thrift; for they may be the result of a miserly disposition. Thrift, therefore, is not always commendable.

9. At a school examination, all the candidates who were entered for English were also entered for either Arithmetic, Geography, or Latin, but not for more than one of these subjects; every

candidate who was not entered for Latin was entered for at least two of the other subjects; no candidate entered for both Arithmetic and Geography was entered for Latin. What further information is required to compel the conclusion that each candidate was entered for two subjects and for two only? Work this question by Jevons's Method of Indirect Inference.

INDUCTIVE LOGIC.

The Board of Examiners.

TO BE USED ALSO AS HONOUR PAPER NO. 1.

1. Does it belong to Inductive Logic to discriminate between what is immediately known and the results of inference? In discussing this question refer to any passages in Mill's Logic which bear upon it.

2. Mention (a) the aim, (b) the results, of Mill's inquiry into things denoted by names. Is this inquiry necessary for Inductive Logic?

3. Show the value from an inductive point of view of syllogistic reasoning. Consider in this connexion the statement made by Jevons that Induction is the inverse process of Deduction.

4. To what extent is Induction dependent on conception and description? Illustrate the difficulties which may be encountered in seeking for an appropriate conception.

5. Is the Method of Agreement applicable in cases (a) of co-existing phenomena, (b) of artificial experiment? Give your reasons.

6. Consider the claim of the Method of Residues, as stated by Mill, to rank among the Inductive Methods. Illustrate by an instance known to you the use made of this method in scientific discovery.

7. What is the problem of the Deductive Method as stated by Mill ? How would you apply this

method to the investigation of social phenomena ? Show the difficulties of such investigation.

8. May an analogical argument amount in any case to a complete induction? Illustrate your answer.

9. State precisely what is meant by the probability of an event. To what extent is experience of particular facts necessary to a calculation of

chances?

MENTAL PHILOSOPHY.

SECOND YEAR.

The Board of Examiners.

TO BE USED ALSO AS HONOUR PAPER No. 1.

1. Point out the difficulties of Introspection, and mention any supplementary means of psychological investigation by which these difficulties may be removed or mitigated.