2. Describe in detail the characteristics of Sensation.

3. Consider the arguments for and against the statement that "Presentation and Representation differ only in degree or intensity."

4. State and examine the universal or primary law of Association as formulated by Baldwin.

5. Explain the meaning of Spinoza's propositions that thought and extension are attributes of God. Trace the connexion here between the doctrines of Spinoza and of Descartes.

6. Consider the value of Locke's polemic against innate principles.

7. Mention any important points (a) of similarity, (b) of difference, between the Idealism of Berkeley and the Scepticism of Hume.

8. "Understanding can perceive nothing, the senses can think nothing. Knowledge arises only from their united action." Explain fully Kant's position

here.

9. Explain the method employed by Kant in his transcendental deduction of the Categories.

10. Illustrate Kant's doctrine of schemata either by his second or by his third Analogy of Experience. Add any comments.

F

MENTAL PHILOSOPHY.

THIRD YEAR.

The Board of Examiners.

No candidate is to attempt more than TEN of the following questions, five being selected from each section.

SECTION I.

1. Consider Baldwin's criticism of the theory of the Relativity of Consciousness.

2. It has been said that presentation and representation differ only in degree or intensity. Consider the arguments for and against this statement.

3. State and examine the universal or primary law of Association as formulated by Baldwin.

4. Consider Baldwin's treatment of Conception, referring especially to the meanings which he assigns to Abstraction and Generalization.

5. Comment on the criterion of knowledge adopted by Descartes, and on his attempt to strengthen this criterion by an argument from the existence and perfection of Deity.

6. "I clearly perceive that there is more reality in the infinite substance than in the finite, and therefore that in some way I possess the perception of the infinite before that of the finite." Discuss this statement in its bearing on the fundamental principles of the Cartesian philosophy.

7. By what considerations was Descartes led, in his Meditations, to consider the nature of truth and error? Comment on his doctrine.

8. Show fully the significance of the statement of Descartes that "of every substance there is one principal attribute, as thinking of the mind, extension of the body."

SECTION II.

9. Examine critically the value of the method employed by Kant in his transcendental deduction of the Categories.

10. What function is ascribed by Kant to Reason, as distinguished from Understanding? Explain. precisely the meaning which he attaches to the title "Dialectic of Pure Reason."

11. Explain the regulative principle involved in the antinomy of pure reason, and the use to which this principle is restricted by Kant. Add any

comments.

12. What speculative value is attached by Kant to "the Ideal of pure reason"?

13. Mention the different paths by which Spencer, in his First Principles, seeks to reach the assertion of an Unknowable Power. Is his procedure legitimate?

14. "Should the idealist be right, the doctrine of Evolution is a dream." Discuss this statement.

15. Examine Spencer's "Test of Relative Validity as an argument in favour of Realism, and, in particular, of his doctrine of Transfigured Realism.

16. Reproduce, with any comments, the contents of Spencer's chapter on the "Completed Differentiation of Subject and Object."

MORAL PHILOSOPHY.

The Board of Examiners.

1. Show the connexion between the moral teaching of Democritus and that of Epicurus.

2. To what extent does Plato, in the Philebus, admit pleasure as an element of the summum bonum? Compare his doctrine with that of Aristotle.

3. State the meaning and value attached by Aristotle to practical wisdom (opóvnois).

4. Explain the conception of Natural Law in the philosophy of the Stoics, and show its historical importance.

5. Mention any striking contrasts between the moral theories of Hobbes and Butler.

6. Compare the treatment of extrinsic sanctions, in their bearing on morality, by Locke and Spencer respectively.

7. How do you account for the fact that theories of Ethics which differ fundamentally in first prin

ciples yet recognise, to a great extent, the same moral laws?

8. Examine Kant's statement that the three modes in which he presents the principle of morality are only so many formulæ of the same law, each of them involving the others.

9. Describe fully the leading features which distinguish the moral philosophy of Herbert Spencer from the older Utilitarianism.

NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.-PART I.

The Board of Examiners.

PASS AND FIRST HONOUR PAPER.

Candidates for Honours must state so on their papers, and no candidate is to attempt more than TEN questions.

1. State Newton's Second Law of Motion, and show that the equation mv Ft fully expresses it.

A railway train, whose weight is 300 tons, travelling at the rate of 30 miles an hour, has the breaks put down and is reduced uniformly to rest in one minute. Find (in tons weight) the retarding force brought into action by the breaks and the distance traversed by the train after the breaks were put down.