Kleinigkeiten setzt sich so zusammen, was das Leben heiszt, und alle die Leidenschaften, die kleinen und die gröszten, die plebejischen und die nobelsten, vom Spitzensammeln die ganze Reihe hindurch bis zum übertriebensten Sport, erhalten ihren Pflegern eine gewisse dauernde Spannung des Interesses am Dasein, und auch die armseligste giebt ein Mittelpünktchen ab, in dem doch Kräfte des Gemüths, die sonst vielleicht ganz und gar hinfaulen würden, sich zu sammeln im Stande sind.

4. Translate into German

The most triumphant death is that of the martyr; the most awful, that of the martyred patriot; the most splendid, that of the hero in the hour of victory: and if the chariot and the horses of fire had been vouchsafed for Nelson's translation, he could scarcely have departed in a brighter blaze of glory. He has left us, not indeed his mantle of inspiration, but a name and an example which are at this hour inspiring thousands of the youth of England-a name which is our pride, and an example which will continue to be our shield and our strength. Thus it is that the spirits of the great and the wise continue to live and to act after them.

5. Translate into German

If, in our moments of utter idleness and insipidity, we turn to the sky as a last resource, which of its phenomena do we speak of? One says it has been wet, and another it has been windy, and another it has been warm. Who, among the whole chattering crowd, can tell me of the forms and precipices of the chain of tall

white mountains that gilded the horizon at noon yesterday? Who saw the narrow sunbeam that came out of the south, and smote upon their summits, until they melted and mouldered away in a dust of blue rain? Who saw the dance of the dead clouds, when the sunlight left them last night, and the west wind blew them before it, like withered leaves?

All has passed unregretted or unseen; or, if the apathy be ever shaken off, even for an instant, it is only by what is gross or what is extraordinary; and yet it is not in the broad and fierce manifestations of the elemental energies, not in the clash of the hail, nor the drift of the whirlwind, that the highest characters of the sublime are developed. God is not in the earthquake nor in the fire, but in the still small voice. They are but the blunt and the low faculties of our nature, which can only be addressed through lampblack and lightning.

6. Write out in German an account of any one of Uhland's ballads contained in Buchheim's collection.

7. What works of Schiller shew the influence on him of Kant's philosophy?

8. What is Carlyle's criticism on Schiller's "Don Carlos"?

9. Give the substance of Lewes' criticism on(a) Tasso.

(b) The second part of Faust.

10. Describe the influence of France on Heine's writings, and on his literary style.

SCHOOL OF LOGIC AND PHILOSOPHY.

I.-FORMAL LOGIC.

The Board of Examiners.

1. Give a brief sketch of the history of Formal Logic, from Aristotle to Kant.

2. Examine the following statements :-(a) “The concept is partial or inadequate"; (b) "Where the individual is a singular impression, as in the case of a definite colour, say red or white, or where there is a simple notion, as resistance, the concept entirely represents the individual, except as to definite time or space."

3. Give the obverse, the contrapositive, and the inverse, of each of the following propositions :-None but graduates are eligible; The infliction of pain is sometimes justifiable; All things are full of labour.

4. Give any reasons which have been advanced for distinguishing between conditional propositions and pure hypotheticals. If you approve of the distinction, how do you account for the fact that conditional and hypothetical propositions usually take the same verbal form? To what extent is the square of opposition applicable to such propositions?

5. State the following argument in as many syllogistie moods as you can, still preserving an affirmative conclusion, but using any immediate inferences which may be available subject to this restriction: Some artists are restless, for they are ambitious, and all who are ambitious are restless.

6. Reduce the following to syllogistic form, pointing out fallacies, if any :

(a) If Virtue involves temptation to evil, a man is virtuous in proportion to his successful resistance to temptation. But temptations grow weaker and ultimately vanish when successfully resisted. Must we therefore discard the supposition that without temptation there is no virtue ?

(b) Protective duties on woollens are beneficial to woollen manufacturers; on spirits to distillers; on rope and twine to the makers of these commodities; and in a similar way various classes are benefited by restrictive duties. A restrictive system therefore, extended to all classes of the community, must benefit all.

7. Show the value of the diagrammatic scheme proposed by Venn.

8. Explain the significance of fractional forms in Symbolic Logic. On what principle may such forms be logically developed? Illustrate by the limiting cases

9. In winding up a partnership it is agreed that the senior partner shall take the town merchandise and country lands, the junior partner taking, from what remains of the property, the merchandise in the country and any town property not consisting of land. After this the town property not consisting of merchandise is still to be dealt with. What can be said of the whole property prior to division?

II.-INDUCTIVE LOGIC.

The Board of Examiners.

1. Explain the nature of the representative or inferential element in Perception. Can this be regulated by any rules of Material Logic? Show the difference between the so-called inferences in Perception and the inferences usually dealt with under the experimental methods.

2. Under what circumstances may the Method of Concomitant Variations be applied as a canon of

proof? On what principle, or principles, does its cogency depend?

3. What methods of investigation are most suitable when an effect is produced by several sets of conditions, each modifying the others' action?

4. State the different kinds of Empirical Laws mentioned by Mill, showing the value of each and the manner in which it may be ascertained.