The Evolution of Man: A Popular Exposition of the Principal Points of Human Ontogeny and Phylogeny, เล่มที่ 1Kegan Paul, Trench & Company, 1883 |
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allantois amnion Amphibia Amphioxus aorta appears Ascidian Baer Blastula blood-vessels body body-cavity Chick chorda chorion cleavage cleavage-cells coalesce cœlom Comparative Anatomy cytula developed dorsal egg-cell egg-cleavage embryo entirely entoderm exoderm formation furrow Gastræa Gastrula germ germ-area germ-disc germ-history germ-membrane germ-shield gill-arches gill-openings glands globular heart Heredity higher Vertebrates History of Evolution horn-plate human embryo important individual inner intestinal canal intestinal cavity intestinal germ-vesicle intestinal layer intestinal tube intestinal-fibrous layer intestinal-glandular layer kenogenetic Lancelet latter lower mammalian Mammals many-celled medullary tube membrane metamera Morula muscles natural notochord nucleolus nutritive yelk ontogenetic Ontogeny organs original outer skin palingenetic parent-cell phylogenetic Phylogeny Plate posterior primary germ-layers primitive intestinal primitive kidneys primitive vertebral protoplasm rudiment separates sexual simple cell skin-fibrous layer skin-layer skin-sensory layer species sperm-cells spinal tube stage surface Theory of Descent tion vein ventral ventral side vertebral column vesicle whole Worms yelk-sac zona pellucida
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หน้า 2 - This fundamental law, to which we shall recur again and again, and on the recognition of which depends the thorough understanding of the history of evolution, is briefly expressed in the proposition : that the History of the Germ is an epitome of the History of the Descent ; or, in other words : that Ontogeny is a recapitulation of Phylogeny ; or, somewhat more explicitly : that the series of forms through which the individual organism passes during its progress from the egg cell to its fully developed...
หน้า 89 - By considering the embryological structure of man, — the homologies which he presents with the lower animals, — the rudiments which he retains,— and the reversions to which he is liable, we can partly recall in imagination the former condition of our early progenitors ; and can approximately place them in their proper place in the zoological series.
หน้า 6 - The term kenogenetic process (or vitiation of the history of the germ) is applied to all such processes in the germ-history as are not to be explained by heredity from primaeval parent-forms, but which have been acquired at a later time in consequence of the adaptation of the germ, or embryo form, to special conditions of evolution.
หน้า 18 - ... heart necessarily enlarges from a task which was originally morphological to one which is physiological also. It is the same in the case of all other organs and their activities. Thus, for instance, a careful comparative study of the history of the evolution of the form of the intestinal canal, the lungs, and the organs of generation, affords us also most important information as to the evolution of the respective functions of these organs. This important relation is most clearly seen in the...
หน้า 108 - ... the idealist scholar who closes his eyes to the real truth, or the priest who tries to keep his spiritual flock in ecclesiastical leadingstrings, can any longer tell the fable of the
หน้า xxxviii - Morphologic (1866). The natural phenomena of the evolutionary history of man claim an entirely peculiar place in the wide range of the scientific study of nature. There is surely no subject of scientific investigation touching man more closely, or in the knowledge of which he is more deeply concerned, than the human organism itself ; and of all the various branches of the science of man, or anthropology, the history of his natural evolution should excite his highest interest. For it affords a key...
หน้า 3 - ... the series of forms through which the individual organism passes during its progress from the egg cell to its fully developed state, is a brief, compressed reproduction of the long series of forms through which the animal ancestors of that organism (or the ancestral forms of its species) have passed from the earliest periods of so-called organic creation down to the present time.
หน้า 131 - When this is very closely examined under the microscope, very fine radial lines .may be distinguished, traversing the zona ; these are very fine canals. The human egg cannot be distinguished from that of most other Mammals either in its immature or in its more complete condition. Its form, its size, its composition, are approximately the same in all. In its fully developed condition, it has an average diameter of •£$ of a line, or 0.2 millimetres.
หน้า 49 - Vertebrate, as it appears on the globular yelk of the fertilized egg, is an oblong disc, which first separates into two leaves or layers. From the upper or animal layer evolve all the organs which produce the phenomena of animal life : the functions of sensation, of motion, and the covering of the body. From the lower or vegetative layer proceed all the organs which bring about the growth of the body: the vital functions of nutrition, digestion, bloodmaking, breathing, secretion, reproduction, and...