VI. DIPTERA. A. With Probofcis and Sucker. D. Head two-horned. Eyes terminal. T. Sucker without a fheath. Feelers 2, projecting, filiform. M. Sucker without a sheath, furnished with briftles. T. Sucker with a fingle-valved sheath, furnished with bristles. E. Probofcis inflected. C. Probofcis projecting, and bent with an angular flexure. B. With Sucker, but no Probofcis. O. Sucker drawn back within the lips, which are perforated. A. Sucker ftraight, with two valves, turgid at the bafe. S. Sucker with a fingle-valved convoluted fheath, bent at the base, with an angular flexure. C. Sheath ftretched out, of one flexible valve, with 5 bristles. B. Sucker very long, ftraight, fetaceous, with two valves. H. Sucker short, cylindrical, ftraight, with two valves. VII. APTERA. A. Legs fix. Head diftinct from the Thorax. L. Tail ending in fetaceous briftles. P. Tail forked, inflected, elastic. T. Mouth with two jaws. Lip horny, cleft into four pieces. P. Mouth armed with a sting capable of being pushed out at pleasure. P. Snout inflected, armed with a fting. Feet formed for leaping. B. Legs 8-14. Head and Thorax united. A. Eyes 2. Legs 8. Feelers compreffed. H. Eyes 2-8. Legs 8. Abdomen furnished with papillæ, with which the animal fpins thread and weaves itself a web. N. B.-In the following claffification, fome of the more remarkable Species only are enumerated. Those marked with an afterisk are natives of Britain. men. Their heads are hard, formed of a substance like horn. They are commonly called grubs, and do much mifchief, both in the fields and in the garden. They live chiefly under ground, or in dung, on which they frequently feed. The larvae of the fpecies cetonia live on rotten wood, and those of the melolontha on the roots of plants. The pupa remains under ground. Grubs are devoured by many kinds of birds, particularly by the rooks, which, on that account, ought not to be destroyed fo eagerly as they are in many places; for, though they do much mischief themselves, in fpring, and during harveft, yet it is amply compenfated by the good they do through the year, in clearing the ground of grubs. *Feelers filiform. + Jaw arched. a. Without teeth. N. Thorax horned. *. Scutellati. *hercules. A horn on the thorax, large, and bent inwards, barbed below with one tooth; a horn on the head bent back, dentated on the upper fide with many teeth. Syft. Nat. Lin. I. It is a native of America, and varies in colour, being fometimes black, fometimes azure fpotted with black. The female is without horns. * centau rus. chorinæus. The horn on the thorax bent inwards, with two teeth at its base, and bifid at the point; the horn on the head bent back, furnished with one tooth. 92. The horn on the breast bent inwards and very thick at the bafe, bifid at the point; the horn on the head bent back, very long, bifid. Native of Brazil. 96. typhæus. Bull-comber. With three horns on the thorax, the middle ones fmaller than the reft, lateral ones projecting as far as the head does, which is without horns. It is a native of Europe; to be met with under cow-dung. It makes its neft in holes, which it digs deep into the ground. It is black. Head depreffed, hairy at the fides, narrow. Knob of the antennæ grayish. Thorax fmooth. The horns fometimes as long as the head, and fometimes twice as long; in the female hardly visible. Elytra ftriated. Shanks hairy. 9. Thorax with four projections like teeth. The horn mobili of the head bent back, and moveable. 116. Native cornis. of England and Germany. Black. Elytra ftriated. Female without horns on the head, or projections on the breast. Smooth; thorax with two horns; horn of the head actaon. notched with one tooth, bifid at the end; elytra smooth. 3. Native of South America. The largeft of all known infects, except crabs and monoculi. Elytra black, or azure spotted with black. N. Thorax horned. B. Without Scutellum. Thorax with fix fpines; jaws prominent; front flop-violaceus. ing; body entirely of a violet colour. 117. Native of Siberia; found under ftones; fmall. Elytra marked with deeply excavated fpots. Horn of the thorax flat, marked with one tooth on oedipus. the under fide; the horn of the bead terminating abruptly, with three teeth. 119. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Middle-fized. Thorax with three horns, the middle one obtufe, and * lunaris. bifid; horn of the head erect; fhield emarginated. 10. Native of Europe; on dunghills. The female always without horns on the breast. Thorax marked with four projections like teeth; po- camelus, fterior part of the shield flightly marked with two horns; body black. 134. Native of Germany. The female with nearly the fame marks as the male. b. Thorax unarmed; Head horned. a. Furnished with a Scutellum. Thorax prominent, divided into two lobes; horn of bilobus. the head fimple; elytra ftriated. 12. Native of the fouth of Europe. Black. A triple prominence on the breaft; horn on the head naficornis. bent back; elytra fmooth. 15. Native of Europe; met with in dunghills. Its larva gray, with a reddifh head, feet, and fpiracula or breathing holes. Swammerdam has fuppofed it to be the cofus of the ancients. Vid. Plin. 17. 24. Thorax of the female roundish. B. Without Scutellum. Thorax prominent, formed of two lobes; horn on the jacchus. head bent back, and fimple. 156. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. The horn on the head of the female very short, and terminating abruptly. Thorax flat, angularly rough; the horn on the head carnifex. bent * fimeta rius. * fterco rarius. facer. bent inwards the body of a yellow colour. a. Furnished with a Scutellum. Dung hill-beetle. Body black; head marked with tubercles, commonly three in number; the elytra reddifh. 32. Native of Europe: frequently to be met with in dung. Clock-beetle. Body black, fmooth; the elytra fur- digs a hole, and kneads a lump of freth dung, gene- B. Without Scutellum. The fhield of the head marked with fix denticulations; the thorax notched; the fhanks of the hind-legs fringed; top of the head marked with two flight projections. 18. Native of the fouthern parts of the old continent. It is frequent in dry fituations in the fouthern parts of Ruffia, where it rolls about cylinders formed of cow-dung. Its figure is carved by the Egyptians on the ancient pillars at Rome. pilularius. Black, opaque, fmooth, yellow underneath; the thorax rounded behind. 40. Native of the fouth of Europe; of the fame fize with the loufy beetle. In pairs, they daily roll, like Sifyphus, a ball made of excrement, feven times the bulk of their own body. Schaefferi. * foffer. * fullo. The thorax round; the fhield emarginated; the elytra triangular; the thighs of the bind-legs elongated and dentated. 41. Native of Italy, Germany, and Siberia; to be met with on the funny hills, where it rolls and buries balls made of cow-dung. It is black. Thorax retufe; head marked with three tubercles, the middle one faintly refembling a horn. 31. A native of Europe, in fandy places, and in dunghills. a crooked branch. It is the largest coleopterous infect The head and thorax befet with bluish hair; the ely-fruticola. tra of a livid colour; the fhield bent back at the top. 236. Native of Germany; on the ears of rye. The head and thorax befet with bluish hairs; the ely-* horticotra of a brick colour; the legs black. 59. Native of la. Europe; to be found in gardens, where its grub proves very destructive to cabbages, &c. and the beetle to the fruit-trees. The thorax hairy; the elytra of a livid colour, with agricola. a black edge, and black band; the fhield turned back at the top. 58. Native of Europe, on grafs-fields. The head and thorax covered with bluish hairs; the abdomi elytra reddish; the abdomen white and hairy. 240.nalis. Native of Europe; refembles the garden-beetle very much, and is very destructive. Of a fhining copper colour; the fhield emarginated. regius. 241. Native of Africa, near the equator. Green; the fides of the thorax yellow. 249. A vitis. Blackish yellow; the elytra of a brick colour. 250.frischii. Above fmooth, and of a golden colour; the fcutel-laetus. Door-beetle, May bug, Cockchaffer. Furnished with melolona fcutellum; without horns; light brown; the thorax tha. hairy; the tail bent inwards; a triangular white fpot at each incifure of the abdomen. 60. It inhabits the northern parts of Europe; flies about in the evening, and feeds on the leaves of trees. It is the most deftructive of all the European infects. When it happens to be more plentiful than ufual, in the autumn, the vulgar entertain an opinion, that fome epidemic diseases are to follow. The male is diftinguished by a sharp inflected tail. The grub is gray, with reddish brown head and feet. Eats the roots of plants, particularly of corn, frequently laying waste a great tract of country. They remain fix years under ground, before they become beetles. Their thorax varies yearly in colour, from brown to black. It is furnished with a fcutellum, and is without horns;folftitialis the thorax is hairy; the elytra are of a pale yellow colour, marked with three white parallel lines. 61. Is a native of Europe, to be met with among trees. The claws at the end of the legs, have one little projection, like a tooth, at their bafe. They make their appearance fomewhat later than the May-bug, and are very frequent about the fummer folftice. Body of a brick colour, and woolly below; fhield villofus. marginated, and bent back; fcutellum white. 263. b. Jaw arched, furnished with fome teeth; the point of Native of Europe; of the fame fize with the cockchaf Of a brick colour, and spotted with white. The fcutellum with two notches; the antennæ divided into feven leaves. 57. It inhabits fandy fituations in Europe and Barbary, living on the oak, elymus arenaria, and arundo arenaria. It is hairy below the hooks at the ends of their legs are furnished, at their bafe, with VOL. VIII. Part I. fer. ++ Jaw fraight. a. Sharp. Cetoniæ. fafcicula. *fabulafus. morticinii. Furnished with a fcutellum; thorax marked with four fmall white lines; elytra green; incifures of the abdomen bearded. 75. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Covered on the under part of the body with pale red wool, collected into little bundles. b. Jaws fraight and blunt. Frifchii. Furnished with a fcutellum; body black, covered with yellow down; elytra marked with two yellow bands uniting into one. 70. Native of the north of Europe : feeding on the flowers of the fyringa filipendula, and on fome umbelliferous plants. Furnished with a fcutellum; thorax downy, edged with two longitudinal wrinkles; elytra fhortened. 63. Native of Europe. The larva is found in wood; the The female is armed with a ftiff, beetle on flowers. fhort fting. **Feelers terminating in knobs. Trox. Furnished with a fcutellum; black, opaque, with wrinkled tubercles; antennæ hairy at the base. 48. Native of Europe. To be met with on fandy hills, which are expofed to the funshine. Shield unequal and fringed; elytra ftriated, and marked with convex fharpifh points. 404. Native of Tartary. To be found in great numbers, under dead bodies, which have been dried by the fun. It makes a noise, by rubbing its tail againft its elytra. Is of an opaque black colour; and of the fame fize with fc. follor. *** Feclers cylindrical: the Club of the Antenna tunicated. hemifpha- Hemifpherical; the fore part of the fhield marked with two obtufe projections. 406. Larger than the fc. facer. ricus. 432 fpecies of this genus, have been defcribed by Gmelin, in his last edition of the Syftem of Nature. 2. LUCANUS. Antennæ clavated; the club compreffed, being broadeft at the fides, and divided into pectinated leaves. Jaws ftretched out, and forked at the points. Two tufts under the lip, to which the feelers are attached. The jaws ftretched out, and furnished with four teeth at the point. 8. A native of Asia. Stag beetle. Furnished with a fcutellum; the jaws ftretched out, and forked at the points, furnished with one lateral tooth. I. Native of Europe. It is the largest coleopterous infect to be met with in Britain. It feeds on decayed oak. The larva is white and very thick, with head and feet of a rufty colour. By fome fuppofed to be the craffus of the ancients. The female fmaller than the male. The jaws projecting, furnished with one tooth, and forked at the point; the lip conical and bent down. 9. Native of Virginia. In the female, which is fmaller than the male, the jaws do not project. Furnished with a fcutellum; the jaws projecting, and only forked at the point. 2. It is a native of the fouth of Europe, and North America; about half the fize of the ftag-beetle. 20 fpecies of this genus have been defcribed in the laft edition of the Syftem of Nattre. 3 3. DERMESTES, Leather-Eater. Antennæ clavated; club perfoliated; three articulations Black; the fore part of the elytra of an afh colour. * lardarius 1. It is a native of Europe. Sometimes, though rarely, the anterior part of the elytra is of a rufty colour. This infect is the common peft of mufeums, libraries, and preparations of natural hiftory. It is alfo found in old bacon, whence it has received its name. When it is eating, it protrudes balls of excrement from its anus, which hang down in a ftring. The larva is oval and hairy. Black; the elytra livid at the bafe, and marked with elongatus. a band of the fame colour, at the pofterior part; the antennæ and feet of a rufty colour. 2. Native of Europe; to be met with in old wood; almost filiform. Oblong, black; the elytra marked with a double * undatus. white linear band. 3. A native of Europe. Feeds on putrid animal fubftances. Black; the elytra marked with two white fpots. 4.* pellion It is a native of Europe. Feeds on skins, bacon, and old books. Its larva is oblong, hairy, and furnished with a briftly tail. Oblong, of a rufty colour; with red eyes. 19. Na-* paniceus tive of Europe. In bread that has been long kept; in bookbinders glue; in books, &c. About the fize of a millet feed. The larva is oblong, white and shining. **Jaw furnished with one tooth. Apate. The elytra reticulated, blunted behind and notched; muricatus. thorax prickly and turgid. 6. It is a native of South America; in wood, and fugar canes. Of a dufky colour; the head drawn back; the an- ruficornis. tennæ and feet reddish. 70. It is a native of Europe, and very fmall. 70 fpecies of this genus have been described in the laft edition of the Syftem of Nature. 4. BOSTRICHUS. Antennæ clavated; the club folid. Thorax convex, and fcarcely marginated. Head inflected and concealed under the thorax. Black; the elytra and abdomen red; the thorax capucinus flattened. 1. It is a native of Europe, and of Siberia. It is to be found in trunks of trees, particularly dead ones, and in houses. typogra Of a brick colour; hairy; the elytra ftriated, blunted * and notched. 4. It is a native of Europe, and Ameri-phus. ca; to be met with under the bark of trees. It is particularly hurtful to the pine tree; very prolific, and very voracious; fcooping out furrows under the bark, from which other fmaller ones proceed, in a parallel direction. They are very tenacious of life; and according to age and fize, vary in colour, from a yellow to a brown, and from that to black. Black; the elytra red, and notched. 5. It is a na-chalcogrative phus. |