Minimizing Corruption: Philippine Democracy AssessmentAteneo University Press, 2007 - 201 ˹éÒ |
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... examples of fraudulent practices . Robert Klitgaard ( 1998 ) explains how corruption takes place in high offices where power and its exercise is the locus and the explanation of corruption . He says corruption is a result of the fatal ...
... examples of fraudulent practices . Robert Klitgaard ( 1998 ) explains how corruption takes place in high offices where power and its exercise is the locus and the explanation of corruption . He says corruption is a result of the fatal ...
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... example , biased policies and their role in the perpetuation of corruption ( see Pascual and Lim 2001 ) and unregulated marketization that leads to corruption ( see Virtucio and Lalunio 2001 ) , among others . Contemporary studies on ...
... example , biased policies and their role in the perpetuation of corruption ( see Pascual and Lim 2001 ) and unregulated marketization that leads to corruption ( see Virtucio and Lalunio 2001 ) , among others . Contemporary studies on ...
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... example and there are other abuses of commercial positions for personal gain . Neither is corruption a monopoly of developing countries nor is it exclusively attributed to poverty and low income levels . Corruption exists even in ...
... example and there are other abuses of commercial positions for personal gain . Neither is corruption a monopoly of developing countries nor is it exclusively attributed to poverty and low income levels . Corruption exists even in ...
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... example of such state capture . The use of public office to perpetuate one's position , such as during electoral campaigns , is considered political corruption . Petty corruption is another type and refers to small acts of facilitation ...
... example of such state capture . The use of public office to perpetuate one's position , such as during electoral campaigns , is considered political corruption . Petty corruption is another type and refers to small acts of facilitation ...
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... examples ) . These acts become problematic when rules are breached by officials in behalf of friends and relatives . Some laws and definitions of corruption tend to defy universal acceptance . Losses Due to Corruption It is difficult to ...
... examples ) . These acts become problematic when rules are breached by officials in behalf of friends and relatives . Some laws and definitions of corruption tend to defy universal acceptance . Losses Due to Corruption It is difficult to ...
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1 | |
11 | |
12 | |
Protecting Office Holders and the Public | 35 |
Public Confidence in CorruptionFree | 47 |
Transparency International Philippine | 48 |
Transactions Between Business and Government | 63 |
11 | 66 |
47 | 78 |
Shielding Elected Officials from Sectional Interests | 139 |
Conclusion | 175 |
References Cited | 183 |
Index | 190 |
About the Authors | 200 |
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