Language Policy in the Soviet UnionSpringer Science & Business Media, 31 juil. 2003 - 237 pages Soviet language policy provides rich material for the study of the impact of policy on language use. Moreover, it offers a unique vantage point on the tie between language and culture. While linguists and ethnographers grapple with defining the relationship of language to culture, or of language and culture to identity, the Soviets knew that language is an integral and inalienable part of culture. The former Soviet Union provides an ideal case study for examining these relationships, in that it had one of the most deliberate language policies of any nation state. This is not to say that it was constant or well-conceived; in fact it was marked by contradictions, illogical decisions, and inconsistencies. Yet it represented a conscious effort on the part of the Communist leadership to shape both ethnic identity and national consciousness through language. As a totalitarian state, the USSR represents a country where language policy, however radical, could be implemented at the will of the government. Furthermore, measures (such as forced migrations) were undertaken that resulted in changing population demographics, having a direct impact on what is a central issue here: the very nature of the Soviet population. That said, it is important to keep in mind that in the Soviet Union there was a difference between stated policy and actual practice. There was no guarantee that any given policy would be implemented, even when it had been officially legislated. |
Table des matières
Introduction 1 Organization of the Soviet State | 1 |
The Linguistic Map of the Soviet Union | 8 |
Ethnic Composition of the USSR | 20 |
Analyzing the Soviet Union | 26 |
An Overview of Soviet Language Policy | 35 |
The Early Soviet Years 2 Constructing Nationalities 3 The Nationalities Question 4 The Literacy Campaign | 46 |
Language Policy under Stalin 19301950 | 54 |
Language Policy after World War II | 57 |
Reform and Revolt | 108 |
The Caucasus 1 Overview of the Caucasus | 111 |
The Georgian | 115 |
The Armenian | 122 |
The Azerbaijan SSR | 123 |
The North Caucasus | 125 |
Summary View of the Caucasus vii 1 4 | 134 |
8 | 193 |
Brezhnev and the 1970s | 58 |
Language and Education | 59 |
Perestroika | 62 |
The Slavic Republics and Moldova | 65 |
The Russian Soviet Federate Socialist Republic | 66 |
The Ukrainian | 82 |
The Belorussian | 86 |
The Moldavian | 89 |
The Backlash of Reform The Baltic States 1 Introduction to the Baltics | 95 |
The Estonian | 97 |
The Latvian | 99 |
The Lithuanian | 106 |
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Expressions et termes fréquents
Abkhaz Altai Arabic Armenian ASSR Avar Azerbaijan SSR Azerbaijani Baltic Belarusan bilingualism Bolshevik Revolution Buriat Caucasian languages Caucasus census Central Asia century Chapter Chechen Chukchi constituted created culture Cyrillic Daghestan Dargwa demographics dialect Estonian SSR ethnic groups ethnic Russians Evenki fluency Georgian SSR heritage language impact increase Ingush Itelmen Kalmyk Karelian Kazakh SSR Khanty Kirghiz Kumyk Kyrgyz language laws language policy language shift large number Latin-based Latvian linguistic literacy rates literary language Lithuanian Mingrelian minority languages Moldovan Mongolian nationalities native language Nenets non-Russian North Northern number of speakers official language orthography political published region result Russian SFSR Russian-language Russification schools script Selkup Siberia Soviet government Soviet language policy Soviet period Soviet Union spoken SSR Russian Tajik SSR Tatar territory titular languages total number total population tsarist Tungus Turkic languages Turkmen Tuvin Ukrainian Union Republics urban USSR Uzbek SSR written form written language Yakut Yiddish